HISTORY 21B Lecture 5: History 21 B notes
Professor Coller
History 21 B
Course Code: 26550
4 Units
Notes
● Indian Ocean Slave Trade
○ Africans from Sudan into Egypt
○ Somains into Egypt and Arabia
○ Zanzibar a major slaving port
○ Trading slaves to india
○ Other slaves traded in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
○ Madagascar, Mozambique and Islands
● Mediterranean Slavery
○ After the crusades, the continuing holy war at sea
○ Crews and passengers seized by “pirates”
■ Sold into slavery
○ Algiers, tunis and Morocco
○ Knights of Malta, Genoa, Naples, Cartagena
○ Slaves in the “bagnios”
○ Slaves can be repurchased by ransom
● Muslims in the Americas
○ Mustafa Zemmouri, also known as Estevanico
■ Exploration of Florida
○ West African Muslims captured and sold into slavery
○ Slaves in south carolina claiming to be moroccan subjects mid 18th century
● The Spanish Encomienda
○ “The other slavery”
○ First applied to former muslims in Spain
○ Some historians argue enslavement and not simply disease wiped out vast
proportions of indigenous people in the Americas
○ Americas and Phillipines
○ Natives forced to do hard labor and subjected to extreme punishment and death if
they resisted
● Valladolid Controversy
○ 1550-1551
○ Debate over the brutal encomienda system Barolome de las Casas arguing that
indians were fully human and born free, could become christians
○ Juan gines de sepulveda using aristotle to argue that humans were natural slaves
○ Las casas “That the remedy of the Christians is this, that his majesty should think
it right to send to each one of the islands 500 or 600 black africans or whatever
number that seems appropriate
○ Later opposed slave trade”
● The Atlantic Slave Trade
○ The first portuguese ships to sail to west africa brought back a few thousands
slaves every year to portugal
○ Not agricultural
Document Summary
Other slaves traded in india, bangladesh, sri lanka. After the crusades, the continuing holy war at sea. West african muslims captured and sold into slavery. Slaves in south carolina claiming to be moroccan subjects mid 18th century. First applied to former muslims in spain. Some historians argue enslavement and not simply disease wiped out vast proportions of indigenous people in the americas. Natives forced to do hard labor and subjected to extreme punishment and death if they resisted. Debate over the brutal encomienda system barolome de las casas arguing that indians were fully human and born free, could become christians. Juan gines de sepulveda using aristotle to argue that humans were natural slaves. Las casas that the remedy of the christians is this, that his majesty should think it right to send to each one of the islands 500 or 600 black africans or whatever number that seems appropriate.
