CHEM 14B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Gibbs Free Energy, Isothermal Process, Spontaneous Process

• School: UCLA
• Department: Chemistry and Biochemistry
• Course: CHEM 14B
• Professor: Lavelle Laurence

Document Summary

Biochemical systems use irreversible reactions to spped up the process. Reversible: t is constant, v increases, p decreases. Irreversible pathway: t changes along pathway, work done against constant. In an adiabatic system, no heat flow (q = 0), so change in internal energy u. In an isothermal process, change in s = You can calculate change in entropy from change from temperature 1 to q reversible / t. Temperature 2 by summing infinitesimal increments (ds) at each temperature, ds = dq reversible / t. from t 1 to t 2 of dt / t) S t1 to t2 = integral from t 1 to t 2 of dq reversible / t. At constant pressure, dq reversible = n c p dt. So, change in s = integral from t1 to t2 of n c p dt / t = nc p (the integral.