GEOG 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Drainage Basin, Phreatic Zone, Drainage Density
Document Summary
Runoff: depends on infiltration capacity of soil and size of soil | coarse soil increases infiltration | Frozen soil: angle/steepness of slopes: more runoff on steeper slopes, rainfall duration: longer rainfall duration = more runoff. Loss: evaporation: more than 50% of annual rainfall, evapotranspiration: water lost to the atmosphere by plants. Water table: saturated zone below the soil that can flow directly into streams: subdued reflection of topography. Deep percolation: found in humid areas where water has not been lost to other processes: sand and gravel hold a lot of water, cemented layers and bedrock can have high permeability. Aquifers: porous and permeable layers that can be at least partially saturated. Aquicludes: layers of impermeable rock: confined aquifer exists between aquicludes. Groundwater discharge: water table intersects the ground surface: spring: where discharge forms a stream of flowing water that emerges from the ground. Perched water table: separate water table at a higher elevation than the main water table.
