HIST 3D Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Positive Feedback, William Stewart Halsted, Experimental Pathology
The New Hospital: Students, Surgery, and Technology
● Old and New Institution
- Old types and motivations
- Old: patients and medical careers
- Urban growth
- New types
- Obstetrics
- Aim for middle class
- Doctors and control
● Hospitals and Medical Education
- Proprietary schools
- Shift in medical education
- Problems of clinical experience
- Hopkins:
- Harvard
● Scientific Surgery
- Antisepsis to asepsis
- Surgery/ hospitals
- Halsted and John Hopkins
- Procedure: gloves, mouth, room
- Protocol: histo, hemostasis, tissues
- Framework
- Surgical accountability
- Roentgen and discovery
- Properties of X-rays
- Immediate spread
- Place in hospitals 1896-1920
● Growth of knowledge of causes of disease→ attribution to microorganisms
● 1870-1910
● Hospitals came to be the focus of American medical education, place for technology,
and where the high profile activity within a hospital → surgery
- Before the Civil war, there was a limited number of types of hospitals; pre 1940s
- Most known→ municipal hospital; no aim other than being a place of last resort to
take care of the poor
- Voluntary hospital; supported by voluntary contributions of the wealthy elite who
were the subscribers; tended to care for individuals who were slightly more
respectable (subscribers had the right to recommend patients to the hospital)
- Biggest municipal in New York→ Bellevue
- Example of voluntary→ Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston
- Under the control of laymen
Document Summary
Growth of knowledge of causes of disease attribution to microorganisms. Hospitals came to be the focus of american medical education, place for technology, and where the high profile activity within a hospital surgery. Before the civil war, there was a limited number of types of hospitals; pre 1940s. Most known municipal hospital; no aim other than being a place of last resort to take care of the poor. Voluntary hospital; supported by voluntary contributions of the wealthy elite who were the subscribers; tended to care for individuals who were slightly more respectable (subscribers had the right to recommend patients to the hospital) Example of voluntary massachusetts general hospital in boston. Patients expected to remain in the hospitals for a long time; average length of stay was 6 weeks. Aim of the medical staff was careerist. Medical knowledge built on diseases of the poor.
