NURS 3220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Depressant, Fibromyalgia, Analgesic
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Opioids: synthetic stuff we made, opiates: reduce to morphine or codeine as base. Opioids (cid:894)for(cid:373)erly (cid:272)alled (cid:862)(cid:374)ar(cid:272)oti(cid:272)s(cid:863)(cid:895: a. (cid:862)da(cid:374)gerous(cid:863, b. (cid:862)illegal(cid:863, c. (cid:862)pai(cid:374) relief(cid:863, d. (cid:862)drug addi(cid:272)tio(cid:374)(cid:863) May not be pain free, but pain will be tolerable. Natural pain control: our endogenous opioids: enkephalins close gates, kappa receptors, endorphins decrease pain conduction, mu receptors. When do we make our own opioids: exercise, eating, breast feeding, distraction, imagery, relaxation, low dose antidepressants, tens (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, placebos (unethical?) What happens when you stimulate mu or kappa receptors: a. Increased pain/transmission/conduction: b. coughing, c. diarrhea, d. analgesia. Some side effects and adverse reactions: spasm of sphincter of oddi worsens pancreatic pain, respiratory depression in opioid-na ve (esp. very young, old, copd, heart failure, asthma, opioids mask miosis, vomiting, mental changes in head injury. What is the most dangerous side effect of opioids: a. cns depression, b. Respiratory depression: c. severe constipation, d. cough suppression.
