PNB 2265 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Escalator, Intercostal Muscle, Alveolar Duct
31 Mar 2017
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Definition respiration: cellular respiration (creating atp by consuming oxygen) (energy transformation into something cell can use, atp, vs. pulmonary physiology (taking air in and getting oxygen to cells) Gas exchange: provide o2 and eliminate co2. Upper and lower respiratory tract (structural: upper: nose, sinuses, pharynx, lower: starts with larynx, continues through alveoli. (larynx = lower) Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, thoracic cavity (lungs, pleural membranes) The other is a functional division: conducting zone whose purpose is to filter, warm and moisten air, and conduct it to lungs. Below is a list structures belonging to upper and lower respiratory tracts, giving more detail about each structure. Nose (and sinuses): function to moisten, warm and filter incoming air. Contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids): common to respiratory and digestive systems. Trachea: conducting zone: incomplete hyaline cartilage rings. Kimball: presence of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Also are mucus-secreting goblet cells in this epithelium.
