ESS 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Polyunsaturated Fat, Essential Fatty Acid, Fish Oil

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olivecicada965

10 Nov 2016

School

UCSB

Department

Exercise & Sport Studies

Course

ESS 3

Professor

J A M I E S O N A E

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Document Summary

Lipids do not travel freely in the blood. Chylomicron- transports dietary fats and cholesterol from intestines to muscle and adipose tissue. Vldl- carries mainly triglycerides form liver to muscle and adipose tissue. Ldl- vldl is converted to ldl which carries primarily cholesterl to all cells in the body. Hdl- picks up cholesterol from the body cells and returns them to the liver. Lipoproteins are classified by their density and function. Chylomicrons are the primary carrier of lipids in our diet. Transport primarily triglycerides from the small intestine to adipose tissue, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle via the lymph to the bloodstream. Transports cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body. Elevated levels associated with increased risk of heart disease. Low-density lipoproteins are the primary carrier of cholesterol to all cells. The concentrations of total cholesterol, hdl, ldl, and triglycerides in the blood affect risk of cardiovascular disease. Essential fatty acids must be supplied through the diet.

Related Questions

1. Which three are all monosaccharides? A. fructose, galactose, lactose B. maltose, sucrose, lactose C. glucose, fructose, sucrose D. glucose, fructose, galactose

2. What is the relative amount of carbohydrate digestion that takes place in the mouth, the stomach and the small intestine? A. Mouth: a little Stomach: none Small intestine: most B. Mouth: none Stomach: a little Small intestine: most C. Mouth: most Stomach: a little Small intestine: none D. Mouth: none Stomach: most Small intestine: a little

3. Many adults are lactose intolerant. What causes this? A. Lactose provokes an autoimmune response that irritates their intestinal lining. B. They break down and absorb lactose, thereby depriving the bacteria in the colon of lactose as an energy source. C. They can't break down and absorb lactose, so the bacteria in their colon digest the lactose instead. D. Lactose binds to the cells of their intestinal wall, blocking the absorption of other nutrients.

4. Compared with animal fats, in general, vegetable oils contain a higher proportion of A. unsaturated fatty acids. B. cholesterol. C. trans-fatty acids. D. saturated fatty acids.

5. Trans fatty acids are found in A. all plant fats/oils. B. all fats/oils. C. all animal fats. D. hydrogenated oils.

6. Cholesterol made in the liver travels to body cells in A. Micelles B. High density lipoproteins (HDLs) C. Low density lipoproteins (LDLs) D. Chylomicrons

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uestions 7. In the colorimetric determination of cholesterol the enzyme cholesterol oxidase, the agent that oxidi the colorless organic compound 4-aminoantipyrine a pink complex is a. Hydrogen peroxide bÂ·Cholest-4-ene-3-one . Which of the following methods for lipoprotein elec- trophoresis depends on charge and molecular size? b. Paper c. Cellulose acetate d. Agarose d. Phenol 2. Which of the following statements concerning chylomi- crons is FALSE? a. The major lipid transported by this lipoprotein is 8. Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of cholesterol to peripheral tissue? a. LDL b. Chylomicrons c. VLDL d. HDL cholesterol. b. This lipoprotein is produced in the intestinal c. The primary function is to carry dietary (exog d. It remains at the origin (point of application) dur- mucosa enous) lipids to the liver. ing lipoprotein electrophoresis. 9. True or false? Increased levels of apo A-I are associ- ated with increased risk of CAD 3. The lipoprotein that contains the greatest amount of protein is called a. HDL 10. A patient is admitted to the hospital with intense chest pains. The patient's primary care physician requests the emergency department doctor to orde several tests, including a lipid profile with chol fractionation.Given the patient's results below, what would be the LDL-C for this patient c. VLDL d. LDL 4. True or False? Pre-beta (VLDL)-lipoproteins migrate Total cholesterol- 400 mg/dL; triglycerides further toward the anode on polyacrylamide gel than HDLC - 100 mg/di LP electrophoresis, pending they do on cellulose acetate or agarose a. 240 mg/dL b. 160 mg/dL c. 200 mg/dL d. 300 mg/dL 5. Several enzymatic triglyceride methods measure the production or consumption of a. NADH b. Fatty acids c. Glycerol d. Diacetyl lutidine 11. A patient is admitted to the hospital wit chest pains. The patient's primry requests the emergency 6. The most likely cause for serum/plasma to appear several tests, including a lipid protile fractionation. Given the patient's resu below, what would be this patient s a "milky" is the presence of LDL-Cstatus 3u b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL Total cholesterol 400 mg/dL; HDL-C = 100 mg/dL; LP electrop a. High b. Optimal c. Desirable d. Borderline

7. Fill in the words or phrases that best complete the sentence.

a. ---------------- is the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body, while -------------- refers to chemical reactions that decompose large molecules into smaller ones.

b.----------------------- is the chemical reaction in which there is a gain of electrons and it is the opposite of --------------------.

c. ----------------------- is a coenzyme that carries hydrogen atoms during coupled ----------------------- reactions in the cell.

d. ----------------------- is made primarily in the mitochondria by a process called ---------------------.

e. --------------------------is a set of reactions in which there is the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, and ----------------- is the formation of glucose molecules from noncarbohydrate sources.

f. ---------------------- transport lipids in the bloodstream; they include VLDLs, LDLs, and HDLs. In lipolysis, are split into fatty acids and glycerol -------------------.

g.------------------------ is the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle; it is also used to synthesize fatty acids, ketone bodies, and ---------------.

h. ------------------------- is the primary hormone regulating metabolism during the absorptive state; the major task of the ---------------- state is to maintain the normal blood glucose level.

i. The metabolic rate observed when a fasting individual is resting but awake and is experiencing comfortable conditions is called the------------------- . Peripheral --------------------- allows increased blood flow to superficial tissues of the body to release excess heat.

j. ---------------------- is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid; proper levels of this ion are critical for nerve impulse conduction and maintenance of --------------------------------balance.

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ESS 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Polyunsaturated Fat, Essential Fatty Acid, Fish Oil

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