LING 15 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Ender Wiggin, Relational Operator, Speech Recognition
Symbolism
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Lexical discreteness phonological discreteness
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Gives us the ability to express things through human language
Other kinds of symbols with meaning
➔1, 2, 3, 4, 5…
➔3 x 5
➔Y = 4x^2
◆Represent concepts as opposed to sounds
◆Can be considered lexically discrete because they can be rearranged to
produce different result
➔“100” vs “hundred”
◆“100”
● In our alphabet, we need three symbols to describe it
● Each number on its own is lexically discrete
○We don’t say “can you give me 1-0-0 dollars” when we want $100
● Glyphically complex: composed of smaller, discrete glyphs
◆“Hundred” is lexically discrete
Writing systems
Mathematical expressions and computer codes
➔Resemble language
➔Facilitate language analysis
➔Model language
Numeral characters are logograms
➔1 = one
➔2 = two
➔10 = ten
➔Each glyph can also be considered to be a logogram
◆Logogram: Visual symbol that represents a word and not the sound of the word
● Single glyph represents a whole word
◆Demonstrates arbitrariness
● Nothing about the shape of the glyph that indicates that it means a certain
amount
● EXCEPT “1” because it is a single stroke → resembles the concept of
oneness and singularity
○ “1” = iconic
Code
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Code: A regularized system of meaningful symbols
➔A communicative system using symbols whose meaning is known to its user
◆Each language is a code
➔Cipher: a system whose symbolic representation is deliberately opaque to those outside
the intended interaction
Binary numeric systems
➔Binary: information encoded using on/off or yes/no
◆On = 1, off = 0
➔Each “spot” or column is a bit
◆A chunk of a bits is a byte
➔8 digit system = 8 bits per byte
◆Range of 0 (0) to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (255)
◆256 possible values in an 8 bit space
● Theses numbers are relevant in IP addresses, RGB space, ASCII
Computer code: A system of symbols and rules for expressing information in a form usable by a
computer
➔Rephrases signals from one system of representation to another
◆Human writer constructs commands that the computer responds to
● Contrastingly, human language does not use commands to communicate
○ Sharing information with each other through requests
○ Much more collaborative than computer language
● The way we interact with devices is “coded”
○ Programs are written in codes to ease interaction
◆Programmers create code to respond to events and to store/manipulate data
● User issues commands that the program interprets
○ Text input, mouse/touch activity
➔All data is fundamentally reducible to a binary expression
◆Data can be complex therefore the binary systems can be inordinately long
◆Binary values grouped into bytes → characters → commands and functions →
procedures and programs
➔Character: text symbol mapping a binary numeral to some other manipulable
combinable symbols
◆Numeric value associated with glyph : more detail = more memory
◆Character is the concept of a glyph and the link between glyph and its binary
coding in its binary system
◆Other symbols (commands, filenames, variables) use the character like words
use phonemes
Terms
➔Constants
◆2 + 2
◆Π
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Gives us the ability to express things through human language. Can be considered lexically discrete because they can be rearranged to produce different result. In our alphabet, we need three symbols to describe it. Each number on its own is lexically discrete. We don"t say can you give me 1-0-0 dollars when we want . Glyphically complex: composed of smaller, discrete glyphs. Each glyph can also be considered to be a logogram. Logogram: visual symbol that represents a word and not the sound of the word. Nothing about the shape of the glyph that indicates that it means a certain amount. Except 1 because it is a single stroke resembles the concept of oneness and singularity. A communicative system using symbols whose meaning is known to its user. Cipher: a system whose symbolic representation is deliberately opaque to those outside the intended interaction. Binary: information encoded using on/off or yes/no. Each spot or column is a bit.
