LING 15 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Foal, Arbitrariness, Morpheme
Document Summary
Empiricism in phonology: generalizations from observations & testable hypotheses. Lexicon: all languages have a set of vocab items. Form-(cid:373)ea(cid:374)i(cid:374)g relatio(cid:374)ships differs a(cid:272)ross la(cid:374)guages & (cid:272)ultures domestic animals, kinship terms. Mare, stallion, foal, filly, colt (types of horses) Cow, bull, calf, heifer, bullock (cows- age & gender) Vocab: list of words a speaker knows of a language. In words for domesticated animals in english, biological gender & age are lexically encoded. Morpheme: indivisible form-meaning pair; symbol (ex: in, come, -ing to form incoming) (cid:863)perso(cid:374)s, a(cid:374)i(cid:373)als, spirits, large trees, to(cid:271)a(cid:272)(cid:272)o, (cid:373)aize, apple, raspberry, calf of leg, stomach, spittle, feather, bird tail, horn, kettle, pipe, s(cid:374)o(cid:449)shoe(cid:863) (cid:374)ot (cid:862)ali(cid:448)e(cid:863) (cid:271)ut (cid:862)spiritually rele(cid:448)a(cid:374)t & perso(cid:374)ified(cid:863) All la(cid:374)guages ha(cid:448)e a gra(cid:373)(cid:373)ar a (cid:449)ay of organizing words (symbols) systematically to represent complex events. I. e. a way of constructing propositions (sentences, utterances) Participants: identified thru combination of position & word form. Relative time & duration of verb identified thru combo of word form & extra phrases/expressions.
