CHEM 11 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Alkali Metal, Aufbau Principle, Exothermic Process
13 Oct 2016
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The aufbau principle (the diagonal chart: means construction, methodology for how the electrons fit in the shells and subshells, fills lowest energy orbitals first, atomic build up, works most of the time. Some metals (the transitional metals in the b families) fill 3d before 4s. Prefer a half-filled or filled 3d to the 4s. Mostly applies to the 6b and 1b (gold, silver, copper, etc. ) Know that these don"t fill the traditional methodology for filling. Ions: alkali metals (group 1a) form compounds with halogens (7a), most famous is. High melting, stable white and crystalline, soluble in water, conduct electricity when dissolved in water: sodium chloride is formed by the reaction of sodium with chloride. A solution of sodium chloride in water conducts electricity, allows a light bulb to light. Electricity can only flow through a medium that contains charged particles (ions) that are free to move: ion is formed when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons.
