PSYC 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Twin, Intellectual Disability, Heritability
SP18 PSYC 1: 1
Lecture 17: Intelligence pt. 2 05-11-2018
Extremes of
Intelligence
• Based on Weschler
scale
• 2% population
gifted
• 2% disabled
Genetic and
Environmental
Influences on
Intelligence
Clarifying
Heritability
Adoption Studies
Environmental
Influences on
Intelligence
• Average IQ: 100
• Gifted IQ 130+
o Most are successful, but may seem socially withdrawn
o Gifted children learn best with an appropriate level of challenge
o “egregated tracked progras (eg. GATE) may widen achievement gaps
• Itelletual disaility IQ 70 and below
o Have disability with adaptive skills:
▪ Conceptual skills (literacy and calculations)
▪ Social skills (may be too trusting)
▪ Practical living skills (eg. hygiene, occupation)
• Identical twins reared together vs identical twins reared apart
o Different environments → environment affects IQ scores
• Identical twins reared together vs fraternal twins reared together
o Different genes → genes affect IQ scores
• Why are siblings less similar in IQ than fraternal twins?
o Raised in different environments
o Fraternal twins get same wo utriets, siligs do’t
• Three people had the same education, nutrition, and experiences, but all three
still aried o IQ sores
o Hold environment constant
o Differences due to genetics → heritability is 100
• With age, adoptees IQs look more like their genetic parents
• Environment has more influence on intelligence under extreme conditions (eg.
abuse, neglect, or extreme poverty)
o Eg. Romanian babies from the 80s leared that ryig did’t do aythig
in their orphanages
▪ If adopted after 12 months, IQ lower by 15 points
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