1
Living systems can be studied by way of the scientific method which involves which of the following?
A
Using only deductive reasoning and not inductive reasoning
B
Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments and using controls
C
Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments
D
Using many subjects, but doing no statistical analysis
E
Using many subjects but having no controls
2
Which of the following molecules has the least amount of energy that you can use for intense physical exercise?
A
A chemically specifically designed to signal uncontrolled cell growth
B
Water since it promotes all chemical reactions
C
Lipids
D
Carbohydrates
E
Protein
3
Nicotine produced in plants can be lethal to insects in that it causes a paralysis. Where does nicotine have its effect?
A
Nicotine receptors located in the nucleus of the cell
B
Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane of brain cells
C
Nicotine receptors in the golgi bodies of neurons
D
Nicotine receptors on the mitochondria of brain cells
4
The aqueous (water) space between cells is which of the following?
A
Blood
B
Interstitial
C
Extracellular
D
Intracellular
E
All of these answers are correct
5
A hypo-osmotic solution can be defined as which of the following?
A
A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyposmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution
B
A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyperosmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution
C
A solution that is equal in concentration compared to another
D
A solution that is less concentrated relative to another
E
A solution that is more concentrated relative to another
6
Lactic acid in your muscles is the byproduct of which metabolic pathway?
A
Glycolysis
B
Electron Transport System
C
Krebs cycle
D
Glycolysis and oxygen
7
Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?
A
A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that breakdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen
B
A series of chemical reactions that breakdown or catabolize protein to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen
C
A series of chemical reactions in the muscle cytoplasm that breaksdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen
D
A series of chemical reactions that produce enzymes
8
During oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following is phosphorylated with the assistance of ATP synthase?
A
Cytochromes
B
ADP
C
ATP
D
NADH
E
Hydrogen ions
9
In all animals who use oxidative phorphorylation to generate ATP, the ultimate electron acceptor is directly transported to all cells by way of which of the following?
A
Hemoglobin
B
Red blood cells
C
Water (H2O)
D
Lungs
10
After NADH is reduced at the Electron Transport system, the hydrogen ion subsequently does which of the following?
A
Activates ATPsynthase
B
Activates Krebs cycle
C
Activates chemiosmosis
D
Oxidizes ATP
E
Reduces ATP
11
Which of the following has to exist for ATP synthase to be activated to directly produce ATP?
A
An oxygen gradient
B
A neutron gradient
C
An electron gradient
D
A proton gradient
E
All of these answers are correct
12
Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?
A
Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell
B
Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria
C
Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary
D
Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus
