BIOLOGY 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Juice Fasting

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harlequingnu150

12 Dec 2018

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The researchers concluded that when reducing the calories in the participants diet, they achieved meaningful weight loss, regardless of which macronutrient (protein, fat, carbohydrates) was emphasized. The research in the study stated that reduced-calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize (1). Furthermore, the researchers explained that there are non- biological reasons that certain diets work more than others, citing conformity to cultural norms, scientific novelty, and media attention (7) as all possible reasons.

Related Questions

What can be used as an hypothesis for the lab scenario listed? Please be detailed

" I will conduct an experiment program to help me lose 4% body fat by the end of the lab while maintaining strength. Hypothesis: Diet is key when it comes to losing weight, intermittent fasting is a dieting pattern that helps promote lean muscle gain and loss in body fat. If I follow this dieting pattern and combine exercising I can expect to lose weight/body fat and gain lean muscle. Materials: For this experiment I will use the following -Body fat calipers/biometrical impedance scale -Weight scale -Gym equipment for weight training -Cardio equipment for exercise -Food -Supplements (Whey protein, multi-vitamin) Steps: -I will first start by getting my body fat professionally measured by a personal trainer at a gym -Intermittent fast along with exercise using a workout plan that is recommended for weight loss. -Fast for 16 hours of the day and eat within the 8-hour window I have available; I will use supplements such as whey protein to meet my protein macros along with a multi-vitamin. Water will be all that can be consumed throughout the 16-hour period. -I will consult with a nutritionist to find what my caloric intake should be as well as what percentage should be allocated to my macronutrients (fats, carbohydrates, and proteins). -My weight will be measured once every three days and body fat will be measured weekly and recorded."

rubywallaby510

What can be used as an hypothesis for the lab scenario listed? I need a HYPOTHESIS, this is my second time asking the question. Thank you!

byzantiumclam661

Based on âMorgan: A case of Diabetesâ by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

The Patient:

Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly Â¼ of Morganâs tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:

Test	Morganâs values	Normal range	Pre-Diabetic range	Diabetic range
Plasma glucose, mg/dl	260	70 -139	140 - 199	â¥ 200
Fasting glucose, mg/dl	140	â¤ 99	100 - 125	â¥ 126
A1C, %	7.6	~ 5	5.7 â 6.4	â¥ 6.5
Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml	34	2 - 10	10 - 20	â¥ 20

The recommendation of Morganâs doctor was to improve her exercise, good nutrition, and weight loss. He recommends meeting with a nutritionist to assist Morgan in her weight loss goals. When Morgan got home and told her family the diagnosis they however had LOTS of suggestions on how she can lose weight. Below is a description of the advice given to her by three family members.

Best friend Savannah:

âYou know how Iâve been losing weight? Well, Iâve been on the Atkinsâ Diet. I heard about it on TV. Itâs great! You get to eat steak, chicken wings, and all the good stuff. All you have to do is limit carbohydrate intake. You should definitely give it a try. This diet has been around for years and it has worked for lots of people, including me.â

*Note: Atkinâs Diet recommends: 10% carbohydrates, 55% fats, 35% protein

Brother Alan:

âI think the best thing for you to do is exercise and stop eating all of that pizza and candy and food filled with fat. Our people never used to eat that junk. I say eat meals that are nutritionally balanced and high in fiber and low in refined sugars and saturated fats. And run a lot. Stop sitting around the house.â

Grandfather:

âMorgan, it is true that it is best to live in harmony and balance â to eat a nutritionally balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and âgoodâ fats to meet your bodyâs needs. That is good. But look to your heritage. Our people were never overweight before we started eating âcivilizedâ food. Look to our native diet. I think you should look to traditional herbal remedies for help. What Alan says is true. Exercise is good. But it is sometimes not enough. Our people have always looked to natural medicine for cures. They will lift your spirits and energize you. Then you will lose weight and you will be healthy again. I hear the herbs from the diet shop are safe and good. But you must take them like the medicine label says. It canât hurt to try them.â

*Note: these herbal supplements Morganâs grandfather is recommending contain the herb

ephedra (ephedrine).

Question 5:

Given Morganâs metabolic state, what is the primary fuel source for her cells currently?

A. Carbohydrates (glucose)

B. Fats

C. Proteins

D. It is a balance of all three

Question 6:

Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following?

A. Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.

B. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.

C. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood.

D. Hyperglycemia.

Question 7:

Which weight loss suggestion is designed to achieve some level of ketosis?

A. Atkins Diet

B. Exercise

C. High fiber diet

D. Herbal treatments

Question 8:

One major side effect of the herbal supplement can be hot flashes and increased perspiration due to increased thermogenesis, what is the likely cause of the heat production?

A. Increasing the activity of phosphfructokinase-1.

B. Increasing the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

C. Increasing the activity of citrate synthase.

D. Increasing the activity of uncoupling proteins.

Question 9:

Would substituting fiber and complex carbohydrates (larger % cellulose) for the simple sugars and starches (high sucrose and amylose/amylopectin) help Morgan lose weight, why?

A. Yes, because complex carbohydrates like cellulose are largely indigestible so they pass through

the digestive tract without being absorbed.

B. Yes, cellulose contains less glucose residues than amylose or amylopectin.

C. Yes, because the fructose in sucrose is much more responsible for weight gain than the glucose.

D. No, because cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin are all composed of glucose so it doesnât

matter.

Question 10:

Which weight loss suggestion will lead to an increased need for gluconeogenesis?

A. Atkins Diet

B. Exercise

C. High fiber diet

D. Herbal treatments

BIOLOGY 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Juice Fasting

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