BIOLOGY 172 Lecture Notes - Lecture 34: Blood Sugar, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Document Summary
Neuronal signaling are transient, rapid responses; signal travels along neuron. Endocrine signaling are slow and sustained: growth, homeostasis, sexual development, signals travel via hormones in blood and have extensive feedback control. Long distance signaling: pituitary gland releases hormones into body that affect distal tissues, blood stream acts as highway. Types of endocrine hormones: peptide hormones (adh, oxytocin, small proteins, amine hormones (dopamine and epinephrine, derived from tyrosine or tryptophan; modified amino acids, steroid hormones (testosterone, look like cholesterol; made from cholesterol. Peptide signals encoded for by genes, typically released from larger precursor proteins (short) and are stored in secretory vesicles (pre-made); let out in an immediate burst. Amines are modified from amino acids by enzymes; stored in secretory vesicles; released in immediate bursts. Hydrophobic; synthesized on demand and released in a slow ramp up of signals. Most endocrine signals act through g-protein coupled receptors. Hypothalamus and pituitary glands act as master regulators.
