PSYCH 350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Epigenome, Epigenetics, Karyotype
4 May 2016
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Document Summary
Nucleotide: repeating basic building block of dna. Nitrogen-based molecules: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine. Karyotype: pictorial representation of an individual"s chromosomes. X chromosome: larger of the two sec chromosomes: normally females have two (xx, males have one (xy) Y chromosome: smaller of the two sex chromosomes: normally females have none (xx, males have one (xy) Gene: large segment of nucleotides: within a chromosomes, codes for the production of proteins and enzymes. Allele: alternate form of a specific gene: provides a genetic basis for many individual differences. Genotype: set of a genetic traits a person inherits. Phenotype: set of traits a person actually displays. Epigenetics: the field of study concerned with how environmental factors interact with genes to influence cell functioning and the phenotype. Nutrition and the epigenome: you are what you eat, you are what your mom ate, and what your dad ate. Mutation: sudden change in molecular structure of a gene.
