PSYCH 350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ecological Systems Theory, Social Learning Theory, Classical Conditioning
4 May 2016
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Behaviorism: relies on principals of classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning: a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response and eventually elicits the response by itself. Operant conditioning: organism produces a response which is rewarded or not; the consequence influences the likelihood of future responding. Social learning theory: theoretical approach emphasizing the importance of learning through observation and imitation of behaviors modeled by others. Piaget"s cognitive developmental theory: theoretical orientation emphasizing the active construction of psychological structures to interpret experience (table 1. 1) Assimilation: person interprets new ideas or experiences to fit existing schemes. Accommodation: person changes existing schemes to fit new ideas or experiences. Equilibrium: harmonious balance of a person"s schemes and experiences with the environment. Scheme: conceptual understanding of the world, organized pattern of thought. Adaptation: interplay between assimilation and accommodation, resulting in development. Organization: tendency for structures and processes to become more systematic and coherent.
