ESCI 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Remote Sensing, Fumarole, Polymerization
Document Summary
Key source of info about planetary interiors. Principal mechanism of chemical exchange between interior and surface of planet. Magma: molten rock, suspended minerals grains, dissolved gases. Extrusive rocks (volcanic): solidification of lava at earth"s surface. Intrusive rocks (plutonic): solidification of magma within crust/mantle. Texture related to rate of cooling: intrusive rocks cool slowly, extrusive rocks cool quickly. Slow cooling followed by fast = big and small. Felsic rocks = feldspar + silica: light colored. Rhyolite (fine grain: crystallizes at or near the earth"s surface) Main minerals of above: plagioclase feldspar, k-feldspar, Mafic = magnesium + ferric: darker colored. Basalt (fine grain: at or near earth"s surface) Main minerals of above: plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, Olivine: if you melt the two they are chemically the same. Diorite and andesite are third couple of rocks. The minerals with the lowest melting temperatures melt first. We don"t create all minerals at the same time. Chemical composition, gas content, and temperature of lava determines:
