CYAF 160 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Ecological Systems Theory, Informed Consent, Oedipus Complex
Document Summary
Get access
Related Documents
Related Questions
QUESTION 26
Age 65 has come to be considered the onset of old age in the U.S. because:
a. | This is when most older adults find their abilities diminishing | |
b. | At age 65, physical appearance makes it evident that a person is old | |
c. | This is the age identified in Social Security and Medicare at the time these were enacted | |
d. | This is the age at which life expectancy diminishes most rapidly |
1 points
QUESTION 27
The concept of "dependency ratios" has been criticized because:
Individual differences in needs as well as differences in aging and activity choices make it difficult to ascertain which generation depends on which other generations. | ||
Very few older adults ever rely on younger individuals for support and assistance | ||
The most dependent generation may well be young adults | ||
It is common knowledge that older adults are dependent on younger individuals |
1 points
QUESTION 28
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the purpose of theory in understanding aging?
a. | Theories attempt to explai what we observe in empirical research or practice | |
b. | A goal is to consolidate practice around a simple set of principles | |
c. | Theories resolve disputes about the nature of reality and definitions of aging | |
d. | The most important purpose is to reduce apparently complex phenomena to a few basic factors |
1 points
QUESTION 29
Explanations that focus on the situations and problems that accumulate during the life span and cannot be understood separate from developmental experiences are considered to reflect:
a. | The aged | |
b. | Aging | |
c. | Age | |
d. | The meaning of life |
1 points
QUESTION 30
Early theories of aging, described later life as a:
a. | Problem | |
b. | normal, welcomed stage of life | |
c. | rare and unique process | |
d. | Too idiosyncratic for generalized description |
1 points
QUESTION 31
Theories that explain aging as resulting from the accumulation of "insults" from the environment, which eventually reach a level incompatible with life are labeled:
a. | Sociocultural theories | |
b. | Selective optimization with compensation | |
c. | Model of Human Occupation | |
d. | Stochastic theories |
1 points
QUESTION 32
Psychological theories of aging seek to explain
a. | Reasons for the emergence of mental disorders in late life | |
b. | Why older individuals are likely to be pessimistic | |
c. | Relationships among older and younger individuals | |
d. | The multiple changes in individual behavior in late life |
1 points
QUESTION 33
It is now believed that neurological theories of aging that focus on decline in neurological functioning may be:
a. | Too optimistic | |
b. | Lacking in clarity | |
c. | Too pessimistic | |
d. | Too limited |
1 points
QUESTION 34
In the theory of Selective Optimization with Compensation, "optimization" refers to the idea that:
a. | People engage in behaviors that augment or enrich their general reserves and maximize their chosen life courses | |
b. | People make efforts in middle age to accumulate needed resources to ensure successful aging | |
c. | Changing biological and psychological factors that enhance the abilities of older adults in memory and problem solving | |
d. | Political initiatives that reduce stigma associated with later life |
1 points
QUESTION 35
Mrs. Adams, an 87 year-old widow, has begun to distance herself from some of her extended family members. At the same time, she spends increasing time with her adult children, grandchildren, and some of her close neighbors. This would be an example of:
a. | The Model of Human Occupation | |
b. | Evolutionary Theory | |
c. | Cognition and Aging theories | |
d. | Socioemotional Selectivity Theory |
1 points
QUESTION 36
A theory of particular relevance to occupational and physical therapy is:
a. | Theory of Free Radicals | |
b. | Systems theory of motor control | |
c. | Stochastic theories | |
d. |
1 points
QUESTION 37
Theory is important to therapeutic decisions as a way to:
a. | Reduce the therapist's need to address individual differences | |
b. | Guide decisions about evaluation and intervention | |
c. | Minimize the idea of complexity in understanding older adults | |
d. | Clearly identify the specific evaluation instruments to be used |
There are sometimes conflicts within the same code, between the code and the __________ and between the code and a counselor's value system.
Judgment |
||
Ethics |
||
Law |
||
Value |
2 points
Question 2
Section A of the ACA Code of Ethics highlights important issues within the __________________________________.
Privacy Act |
||
Confidentiality Act |
||
Professional's Responsibility |
||
Counseling relationship |
2 points
Question 3
______________________ in a code sometimes lag behind the values of society and of professional associations.
Laws |
||
Attitudes |
||
Values |
||
Beliefs |
2 points
Question 4
Which section was added to the latest edition of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014)?
Resolving Ethical Issues |
||
Advocacy and Social Justice |
||
Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media |
||
Research and Publication |
2 points
Question 5
Which of the following is not one of the ethical "hot spots" identified in this chapter?
Gatekeeping |
||
Social and Cultural Issues |
||
Informed Consent |
||
Technology |
2 points
Question 6
Which of the following is not a type of ethical decision-making model discussed in the text?
Problem-solving model |
||
Advocacy model |
||
Social constructivist model |
||
Developmental model |
2 points
Question 7
_______________ has to do with protecting the independences, self-determination and freedom of choice for client.
Nonmaleficence |
||
Beneficence |
||
Justice |
||
Autonomy |
2 points
Question 8
People who have this view of the world, see things in black and white, are very concrete, rigid, and authoritarian.
Dualistic |
||
Modern |
||
Post-modern |
||
Flexible |
2 points
Question 9
Which section of the ACA Ethical Code (2014) offers guidelines on how to report an ethical violation?
Section B |
||
Section I |
||
Section E |
||
Section A |
2 points
Question 10
.__________ is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute.
Beneficence |
||
Nonmaleficence |
||
Civil liability |
||
Criminal liability |
2 points
Question 11
To prove that they are following the best practices of their professions, counselors should:
Know relevant laws |
||
Maintain good records |
||
Stay professional with clients |
||
All of the above. |
2 points
Question 12
______________ is the most rigorous form of credentialing.
Accreditation |
||
Licensure |
||
Certification |
||
Registration |
2 points
Question 13
Theories help counselors and other helping professionals in the following way(s):
conceptualizing clients' problems |
||
necessary to become a licensed psychotherapist |
||
offer specific techniques to apply |
||
both a and c |
2 points
Question 14
What is a paradigm shift?
A change like a universe. |
||
A change in the way information is perceived. |
||
A change in theory. |
||
A change in human nature. |
2 points
Question 15
Do psychodynamic theories consider which of the following to be important in understanding a person's functioning?
Child-rearing practices |
||
The unconscious and conscious |
||
Examining the past |
||
All of the above |
2 points
Question 16
Sigmund Freud was trained as a:
Physician |
||
Counselor |
||
Caseworker |
||
Social worker |
2 points
Question 17
Freud believed that there are ____________ structures that make up personality.
1 |
||
2 |
||
3 |
||
4 |
2 points
Question 18
Freud, and later his daughter Anna Freud, identified a number of _______________ that help people to cope with anxiety.
Defense skills |
||
Coping mechanisms |
||
Coping skills |
||
Defense mechanisms |
2 points
Question 19
___________ believed that each of us has a unique psychological type which includes the attitudes of extraversion and introversion.
Freud |
||
Rogers |
||
Jung |
||
Cattell |
2 points
Question 20
_______________________ believed that every child was born with innate and unique capabilities and is inherently moving toard the future, not determined by the past.
Adler |
||
Freud |
||
Rogers |
||
Jung |
2 points
Question 21
Existential-humanistic approaches embrace a phenomenological perspective, stressing all but which of the following?
The subjective reality of the client |
||
the role of the unconscious |
||
How the counselor uses his or her personal qualities in counseling |
||
the importance of consciousness and/or awareness |
2 points
Question 22
Although Ludwig Binswanger is generally acknowledged as being the first existential therapist, who is seen as the person who popularized this approach through "logotherapy"?
Irvin Yalom |
||
Carl Rogers |
||
Alfred Adler |
||
Viktor Frankl |
2 points
Question 23
____________________ developed client-centered therapy.
Carl Jung |
||
Viktor Frankl |
||
Carl Rogers |
||
Ludwig Binswanger |
2 points
Question 24
Today, most Gestalt therapists believe that from birth, the individual is in a constant state of ______________ through a process of need identification and need-fulfillment.
Self-regulation |
||
Self-actualization |
||
Existential crisis |
||
Emotional distress |
2 points
Question 25
This therapy was developed by Albert Ellis during the 1950s.
Psychodynamic therapy |
||
Behavioral therapy |
||
Cognitive therapy |
||
Rational emotive therapy |