BSCI-1510 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Hemoglobin, Anabolism, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

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indigoraccoon343

4 Apr 2016

School

Vanderbilt University

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BSCI-1510

Professor

Singleton Charles

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Document Summary

Lecture outline #16: metabolism of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle reading: section 5. 2. Continue with metabolism of glucose. specifically with metabolism of pyruvate and come to the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate and nadh are oxidized to make more atp. Anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate (metabolism in the absence of oxygen) if nadh is not oxidized. We have a limited supply of nad. absence of oxygen different organisms have different solutions. Yeast and bacteria: pyruvate is converted to ethanol (in two steps, the first one produces co2. The second step, nadh is converted to nad). Glycolysis is the process of converting glucose to ethanol and some atp. We call a reaction series (process) like this a fermentation (atp producing process but with no net oxidation *) In other organisms and muscle in heavy exercise: pyruvate is converted in one step to lactate. No net oxidation or reduction but production of atp.

Related Questions

Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen, but O2 is not found in any of the reactions of glycolysis or fermentation. So, what drives these reactions at the level of glycolysis and fermentation? A. In the formation of ethanol, acetaldehyde accepts electrons from NADH, regenerating NAD+ B. ATP is synthesized in glycolysis, only if NAD+ is regenerated during fermentation C. Pyruvate donates electrons to NADH in lactic acid fermentation D. NADH synthesized in glycolysis is used to oxidize pyruvate to acetyl CoA during fermentation reactions E. In the formation of ethanol, pyruvate is decarboxylated in a reversible reaction, once oxygen is present again

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(31. What is the purpose of cellular respiration/

a. To get O2 into our bodies and to get CO2 out of our bodies

b. To use the energy of sunlight to synthesize sugars

c. To make ATP to power cellular activities d. To hydrolyze ATP

(36. Which of the following accurately describes a distinction between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation?

a. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in prokaryotes, whereas alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation occurs in eukaryotes

b. The final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation is pyruvate; the final electron acceptor in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation is acetaldehyde

c. In lactic acid fermentation, NADH is produced by glycolysis; in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation, NADH is produced by the Krebs cycle

d. In lactic acid fermentation, cell use CO2 in place of oxygen; in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation, cells use SO4

(37. Which pathway is see in both fermentation and aerobic respiration?

a. Krebs cycle

b. Electron transport

c. Glycolysis d. Pyruvate oxidation

(50. How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced with 5 turns of the cirtic acid cycle?

a. 2

b. 5

c. 10

d. 12

e. 60

lilaccrocodile636

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

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BSCI-1510 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Hemoglobin, Anabolism, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

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