BSCI 1511 Lecture 16: Lecture 16 Notes
26 Feb 2017
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Pathogens sickness: animals prevent or limit infection by, preventing pathogen entry (physical barriers, mounting immune responses that destroy invaders. Entering the body: pathogens enter the body via, skin (cut, digestive system (eat something, respiratory system (breath in pathogen, urogenital tract (contract in waste) Evasion of the immune system: pathogens & hosts = involved in evolutionary arms raced, hosts evolve ways to kill pathogens & pathogens evolve to survive responses of host, e. g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: prevents fusion between lysosome and phagosome, replicates and kills the immune cell. Hallmarks of adaptive immunity: diversity & specificity = diversity of lymphocytes and receptors, self-tolerance = native components are not attacked, clonal expansion = cell proliferation triggered by activation greatly increases the. Mhc molecules, and display them on their surface (antigen presentation: more indirect than b cells, requires more communication. Generation of b and t cell diversity: humans have ~1m different b cell receptors and ~10m different t cell receptors.
