BIOL 1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Thyroid, Endocrine System, Autocrine Signalling
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BIOL 1106 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Regulation of body processes: endocrine system, hormones, glands, neurohormones, other signaling mechanisms, exocrine system, paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, pheromones. Into blood stream: exocrine glands, duct, non-hormone secretions, outside body. Including into the digestive tract, which is continuous with outside of body. Molecular structure of hormones: amine hormones, peptide/protein hormones, steroids. Lipophilic: steroid hormones, amino acid derivatives of the thyroid, hydrophilic, non-thyroid amino acid derivative hormones, peptide hormones, protein hormones. Actions of lipophilic hormones: transport and receptor binding, activation of transcription, hormone response elements, duration = hours-days. Actions of hydrophilic hormones: activation of receptor cells, receptor kinases, second-messenger systems, g proteins, activation vs inhibition, duration = minutes-hours. Hypothalamus & pituitary gland: hypothalamus, releasing hormones. Luteinizing hormone glycoprotein = tropic hormone; stimulates gonads: fsh glycoprotein = tropic hormone; stimulates gonads, hypothalamohypophyseal portal system, posterior, antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin. Feedback: negative feedback, endocrine system is used to maintain homeostasis, positive feedback, encouraged by stimulus and continues action.
