PSYCH 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Sigmund Freud, Behaviorism, Falsifiability
30 Jun 2021
School
Department
Course
Professor
Chapter One
Psychology
- The scientific study of mind and behavior
Mind
- Our private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings.
Behavior
- Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals
Nativism
- The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
- Plato
Philosophical Empiricism
- The philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
Phrenology
- A now defunct theory that mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to
the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain.
Physiology
- The study of biological processes, especially in the human body.
Stimulus
- Sensory input from the environment
Reaction Time
- The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus.
Consciousness
- A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.
Structuralism
- The analysis of the basic elements that constitute.
Introspection
- The subjective observation of one’s own experience
Functionalism
- The study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their
environment
Natural Selection
- Charles Darwin
- theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely
that other features to be passed on to subsequent generations.
Hysteria
- A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally
upsetting experiences.
Unconscious
- The part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences
conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud
- approach to understanding human behavior that emphasizes the importance of
unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Psychoanalysis
- A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious
awareness to better understand psychological disorders.
Humanistic Psychology
- An approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of
human beings.
Behaviorism
- An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study
of objectively observable behavior.
Illusions
- Errors of perception, memory, or judgement in which subjective experience differs from
objective reality.
Gestalt Psychology
- A psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than
the sum
- People see one moving light instead of two separate lights.
Cognitive Psychology
- The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and
reasoning.
Behavioral Neuroscience
- An approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous
system and other bodily processes
Cognitive Neuroscience
- A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain
activity.
Evolutionary Psychology
- A psychological approach that explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value
of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection.
Social Psychology
- A subfield of psychology studies the causes and consequences of interpersonal
behavior.
Henry Molaison
- studied patients who had hippocampus removed, couldn't form new conscious
memories
Burrhus Skinner
- Used reinforcement techniques in children. Controversial
Bartlett
- memory of stories was related to what we expected to happen and hoped would
happen
