MICROBIOLOGY Study Guide - Passive Immunity, Histocompatibility, Botulism
4 Jan 2022
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Artificially acquired active immunity results upon vaccination; that is, the host is intentionally exposed to a foreign material to stimulate the formation of antibodies and activated lymphocytes. A vaccine consists of antigens that can be prepared in several different ways including killed microorganisms; living, weakened (attenuated) microorganisms; genetically engineered organisms or their products; or inactivated bacterial toxins (toxoids). Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced by one host are introduced into another. Although this type of immunity is immediate, it is shortlived, lasting only a few weeks to a few months. An example of artificially acquired passive immunity would be botulinum antitoxin produced in a horse and given to a human suffering from botulism food poisoning. The major histocompatibility complex the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a collection of genes encoding proteins that enable the host to distinguish between self and non-self. Mhc molecules are transmembrane proteins consisting of two distinct chains (figure 33. 3b).
