BIOL 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Folic Acid, Natural Selection 2, Meiosis

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27 May 2022

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BIOL 121 Full Course Notes

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Due to differences in survival in particular enviro. Or differences in ability to attract a mate. * struggle for existence in finite world (cid:8869) chance of survival and reproduction not random outcome of natural selection. Struggle for existence (cid:8869) not all offspring will survive ex . can"t find suitable habitat will starve / eaten by predators/ diseases: variation exists in a population - due to mutations. Different combos of alleles / meiosis /random fusion : traits tend to be passed from parent to offspring. * individuals w/ better suited traits in an enviro more likely to acquire food. Beneficial traits also on avg , product more offspring: requirements for evolution by natural selection, variation for trait in population, trait is heritable, differences in fitness (reproductive success) is related to phenotype. Folate levels are lower in people exposed to. Uv radiation melanin : pigment gives us our skin colour. People wi dark skin have more melanin.

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Describe the theory of natural selection Which of thefollowing BEST describes the theory of natural selection? CHOOSEONE

	1 The genetic make-up of apopulation gradually changes from one generation to the next.
	2 Living organisms change overtime.
	3 Each species produces many moreoffspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspringthat do survive contain genes that are inherited from theparents.
	4 There is variation among themembers of a species. Some of this variation is geneticallydetermined and so can be passed on to future generations.
	5 Some individuals have genes thatincrease their chances for survival and reproduction. Theseindividuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes,causing their genes to become more common in the nextgeneration.
	6 There is a struggle for existenceamong the members of a population.

amberleopard326

What is NOT a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur?

a) Traits must be inherited

b) Traits must influence reproductive success

c) Inherited traits must have variation within the population

d) Characteristics that are favored (fitness) relate to the immediate environment

e) Variations will appear that will allow the survival of the species in future, unforeseen, circumstances.

Charles Darwin...

a) ... arrived at the idea of natural selection in the GalÃ¡pagos Islands.

b) ... was the first scientist to suggest evolution.

c) ... claimed that only aggressive and strong individuals would survive and reproduce.

d) ... with Alfred Wallace, published a mechanism for adaptive change, natural selection, and proposed a "tree of life".

e) ... argued that chimpanzees and gorillas were progressively evolving into human beings.

1. Traits don't necessarily have to be passed on from parent to offspring for natural selection to act on them; traits that are environmentally acquired during the life time of an individual (such as practicing to become very strong or very fast) can also be acted upon by natural selection. Select one: True or False

2.Within the same species and even within the same population, not all individuals are the same. They vary in size, shape or other traits.

Select one:

True

False

3.Differential reproductive success means that some individuals in a population leave more offspring that survive and reproduce relative to other individuals in a population.

Select one:

True

False

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BIOL 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Folic Acid, Natural Selection 2, Meiosis

BIOL 121 Full Course Notes

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