ENGL 00400SL Lecture : Bioassay of gibberellins

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uk813659

24 Jun 2022

School

CUNY Hunter College

Department

English

Course

ENGL 00400SL

Professor

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Document Summary

The concentration of an active concept in a unit quantity of preparation is known as potency. By observing how it reacts biologically in living tissues. Dwarf pea seeds are allowed to germinate before the coleoptile forms. Some seedlings are treated with a ga solution. Others are kept as a point of power. Ga has been shown to promote epicotyl growth at concentrations as low as 1 nanogram: barley endosperm: Endosperm is removed from embryos, sterilised, and kept in 1 ml of test solution for 1-2 days. Gibberellin concentration is proportional to reducing sugar content. Endosperms kept in plain water do not shape reducing sugars in a control experiment. Both gibberellins have the same structure with many side groups attached. These organisations study the roles of gibberellins in various tissues. Gibberellins are a broad family of diterpene acids that are generated by a terpenoid pathway branch. Terpenoids are organic compounds made up of five carbon atoms connected head to tail.

Related Questions

Diffusion Lab

Overview:

In this lab you will investigate how molecules transport in a cell through diffusion and osmosis. You will observe both diffusion and osmosis using an egg and three different substances. You will write a hypothesis, perform an experiment, record observations, collect data, and answer questions after the lab. Below you will find the materials needed for the lab, the procedure for conducting the lab, and a sample layout for your lab notebook page.

Background Information:

The cell membrane surrounds every cell and is the organelle that regulates what moves into and out of a cell. They are selectively permeable which means they only allow certain things to move across the membrane.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. It is a type of passive transport meaning that it does not require energy from the cell.

Osmosis is the process where water molecules diffuse across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

For the Lab:

This lab should be done over four consecutive days. You will need to obtain these materials. You should create a lab notebook page to record your hypothesis, observations, and write your conclusions. You can create the notebook page on paper or on a computer.

Materials:

1 raw egg
Container that will hold 2 cups or more (It should be large enough to fully submerge the egg in a liquid)
Tape measure
Vinegar
Corn syrup
Distilled water
Plastic Wrap

Note: Nothing in this lab should harm you, but be careful and ask for help if you need it. Wash your hands every time after you handle the egg and clean your lab area after each day. If you need assistance get adult supervision.

Lab Procedure:

Start by writing a hypothesis to answer the following experiment question: Make sure the hypothesis is in the "if, then" format.

What happens to a raw egg when it is covered first in vinegar, then corn syrup, and then distilled water?

Perform the experiment over 4 consecutive days at about the same time each day. Below you will find instructions for each day:

Day 1:

1. Measure the egg's circumference in centimeters using the tape measure. Record the measurement on the observation table.

2. Record any "before" observations about the egg's appearance (color, shape, texture, size).

3. Carefully place the egg in the container and add vinegar until the egg is fully covered.

4. Cover the container with plastic wrap and leave overnight.

Day 2:

1. Very carefully take the egg out of the vinegar and dry it off.

2. Measure the egg's circumference using the tape measure. Record the measurement on your observation table.

3. Record any "after" observations on your observation table.

4. Clean out the container with soap and water and place the egg back in the container.

5. Add corn syrup until the egg is fully covered. Record any "before" observations on your observation table.

6. Cover with plastic wrap and leave overnight.

Day 3:

1. Repeat steps 1-4 from Day 2 .

2. Add distilled water to the container until the egg is fully covered. Record any "before" observations on your observation table.

3. Cover with plastic wrap and leave overnight.

Day 4:

1. Repeat steps 1-3 from Day 2 .

2. Clean the container and throw away the egg.

When recording the circumference of the egg do so in centimeters. Your observations should describe the appearance of the egg and any other important facts you notice. Look at the color, size, shape, texture and anything that changes about the egg throughout the experiment.

Below is a sample of how to set up your lab page to record your experimental data. You should leave as much space as needed for each part.

Sample Lab Notebook Setup:

1.Describe what happened to the egg after soaking it in vinegar for 24 hours.

2.Describe what happened to the egg after soaking it in corn syrup for 24 hours.

3.Describe what happened to the egg after soaking it in the distilled water for 24 hours.

4.How did you see diffusion and osmosis in this lab?

Fill in the chart as you go through the experiment. When done with the experiment answer the post lab questions. Submit your lab page with your observations and answers to the post-lab questions. You can submit either a picture of your work or upload a document.

Things to remember:

Qualitative observations describe appearance (color, texture, shape, size, smell, etc.)
The variables in this lab are vinegar, corn syrup, and distilled water.
The controlled variables are the egg, beaker, and the time the egg is exposed to each substance.
The independent variable is the substance the egg is submerged in (vinegar, corn syrup, and distilled water).
The dependent variable is what happens to the egg after being exposed to the three different substances.

Biology Special Lesson: Diffusion Lab

This rubric is an outline of how the lab information you submit will be graded.

Grading Rubric

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Write a critical response

France: The country’s first ‘saviour sibling’ is a ‘double-hope baby’
By Annick Chapoy on July 18th, 2011
The birth, in France, of its first baby to be conceived by artificial insemination on top of the selection of an embryo based on its blood, has sent new flames into the hot parliamentary debate over the reform of bioethics law.
The child’s deliberate embryonic selection rested on it not having the gene for beta thalasaemia, and its birth potential to help cure beta-thalasaemia suffered by two older siblings. Theoretically, the use of ‘saviour siblings’ has been allowed since 2006, when the 2004 Bioethics Law and associated decrees was passed. The USA has utilised this for about ten years, but such a birth is rare in Europe – and, depending on the results of a current debate, might become even rarer in France.
Umut-Talha, a name meaning 'our hope' in Turkish, entered life this February in Clamart, south-west of Paris. He weighed 3.65kg and was pronounced ‘very healthy’. His birth resulted from in vitro fertilisation after a double pre-implant genetic diagnosis that enabled doctors to choose an embryo that would not carry the disorder beta-thalasaemia, and whose blood and tissue would be compatible with that of his brother and sister. This type of technique was legalised in France with the Bioethics Law of 2004, but is still the source of great controversy in the public.
It is the first successful birth resulting from this type of pregnancy in the country. The practice is legal in numerous other European countries, including Spain and Belgium where, in 2005, the first two 'medicine babies' in Europe were born. The first birth of this type took place in the USA in 2000.
France’s first so-called ‘saviour sibling’ was born to parents of Turkish origin and he was conceived under circumstances that would have been unthinkable only a generation ago. Umut Talha’s parents had approached the hospital in Clamart just over a year ago. They had a serious problem - their two youngsters were both afflicted with the inherited blood disorder beta thalasaemia, which requires monthly blood transfusions. The parents knew the hospital was one of only three in France that was developing a treatment for their children's illness.
An embryo was screened and genetically selected from an original group of 12 embryos. It was chosen to ensure it did not carry the Beta thalasaemia gene and also due to its compatibility with the sick siblings. Besides selecting an offspring that would be spared from the disorder, the parents hoped their future baby could also become a donor of the right kind of treatment cells.
Born disorder-free, the baby’s cells also proved compatible with his two-year-old sister. Doctors feel confident that she will be cured with the cells from his discarded umbilical cord, and her monthly blood transfusions will be discontinued.
The family have since returned to their home in southern France, but plan to return to Clamart to undergo the same procedure to cure their other child, Umut’s four-year-old brother.
Following his birth, French newspapers spread ‘Medicine baby’ headlines across their pages. However, Professor René Frydman, a fertility pioneer and the ‘medical father’ of the first French test-tube baby in 1982, oversaw Umut’s case, said he preferred the term ‘double-hope baby’.
‘Medicine baby is a media term invented by people who are against this kind of procedure,’ said Prof. Frydman. In English-speaking countries, the terms ‘donor baby’ and ‘saviour sibling’ have been widely used in the media.
Umut certainly presents a double hope for his parents: the hope of having a new, healthy baby, and the hope of curing one of their sick children.
However, other scientists, religious groups and parents beg to differ. The issue of saviour babies has raised complex ethical debates, and renewed fears of a move towards ‘designer babies’, or babies whose traits – e.g. intelligence, eye-colour and height – have been predetermined.
Thus, Umut’s birth has raised questions among medical, political as well as religious circles in France. Christine Boutin, President of the Christian-Democratic party, denounced an ‘instrumentalisation of the human being, conceived in the sole purpose of being used’, while the head of the Bishop’s Conference said he was ‘totally opposed to a procedure by which somebody is being used exclusively to serve somebody else’.
The timing of Umut's birth was also significantly timely - just as the very law that allows for cases such as this to be revised. Observers say that the existing legislation guiding biotechnology in France might be tightened and restrict research in certain fields, including stem cells.
The country’s standing bioethics law allows for cases like Umut’s. In fact, the government has earmarked €800,000 per year for Clamart to practice and develop the procedure.
Nonetheless, Prof. Frydman and colleagues say a lot more needs to be done, complaining of endless hurdles to launch further research and access funds. They regret that France has started a decade after the USA and that the government is still reluctant to give them full backing.

champagnelocust794

*Please refer to the attached file.

You are writing a rough draft for the essay part 1,

This writing practice will focus on

Steps *1 and *2 below:

___________________

FIVE STEPS OF WRITING~*1- Prewrite*2-Draft 3- Revise 4- Edit/Proofread 5- Publish

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY

– explains, points out

Used in articles, essays, exam questions

- Used to report on research

- Used to share information, give directions

REVIEW:

Elements of Expository Essay:

Thesis

–

Thesis Statement states topic, introduces supporting points

Structure

–

- Organization - often by Cause/Effect, Problem/Solution, Compare/Contrast

- Supporting paragraphs (at least one per supporting point)

- Use of formatting, graphics, and multi-media where appropriate

- Conclusion - relates to thesis and pulls supporting points together

Style

–

- Formal tone - complete sentences; conventional construction and language

- Active voice

Assignment:

Complete the first

two

steps in writing an Expository Essay.

You can use the sample writing prompt on Page 3 or choose a topic based on stories/articles of

your choosing. Page 3 also gives a sample thesis and outline based on the writing prompt. If

writing on your own topic and texts, choose three texts from different genres – e.g., short story,

science fiction, poetry, memoir, informational text, etc.

Step 1)

Prewrite

– Write your thesis statement.

– Determine the structure and organization (e.g., compare/contrast).

– Make an Outline (should include the thesis statement plus a list of

supporting points and a conclusion).

Step 2)

Draft

– Follow your Outline.

– Consider the audience's knowledge of and experience with the topic.

– Give concrete examples (each supporting point should be at least one

paragraph).

– Relate each point back to the thesis statement.

– Draw a conclusion that relates to the thesis statement and ties the

supporting points together.

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY - SAMPLE THESIS AND OUTLINE

WRITING PROMPT

Compare/contrast the authors' treatments of the theme of

taking

responsibility

in three different genres of text:

Short Story

–"Through the Tunnel,"

Science

Fiction

– "A Sound of Thunder," and

Informational Text

– "Quit blaming; take responsibility."

Thesis

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual genres,

each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible and

irresponsible behavior and drawing the conclusion of the benefits of taking responsibility.

Supporting paragraphs

– with formatting (subtitles):

1. Short Story

– Lessing ("Through the Tunnel") contrasts Jerry's irresponsible/ responsible

behavior and draws conclusion responsibility is best – Jerry feels better about himself.

- Irresponsible: Jerry tries to get attention, be accepted by other boys; wants to swim

through tunnel before ready (examples from story)

- Responsible: Jerry stops trying to please other boys; adopts his quest; trains and works

to be prepared (examples from story)

- Lessing draws unstated conclusion of benefits of taking responsibility

(contrasts Jerry's feelings before and after quest)

2. Science Fiction

– Bradbury ("A Sound of Thunder") contrasts Time Safari Inc.'s/ Eckels'

responsible/irresponsible behavior and graphically illustrates the devastating results of

irresponsibility.

- Irresponsible: Eckels' uncaring, irresponsible attitude (examples in story)

- Responsible: Time Safari's careful planning and preparation for the hunt

(examples

from story)

- Bradbury ends story showing dramatic impact of being irresponsible, implying the

benefits of responsibility

3. Informational Text

–

Gitomer ("Quit blaming; take responsibility") compares salespeople

with politicians in their tendency to avoid taking responsibility and contrasts that attitude with

suggestions on taking responsibility to achieve success.

- Irresponsible: Salespeople and politicians blame others for their failures

(specific examples from article)

- Responsible: Suggestions on how they can take responsibility by

studying failures and

making them successes (examples in article)

- Gitomer concludes that salespeople (and politicians) can achieve results

they seek by

overcoming obstacles and taking responsibility

Conclusion

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual

genres, each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible

and irresponsible behavior, concluding that taking responsibility brings the best r

This writing practice will focus on

Steps *1 and *2 below:

___________________

FIVE STEPS OF WRITING ~* 1-Prewrite* 2- Draft 3- Revise\ 4- Edit/Proofread 5- Publish

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY

– explains, points out

Used in articles, essays, exam questions

- Used to report on research

- Used to share information, give directions

REVIEW:

Elements of Expository Essay:

Thesis

–

Thesis Statement states topic, introduces supporting points

Structure

–

- Organization - often by Cause/Effect, Problem/Solution, Compare/Contrast

- Supporting paragraphs (at least one per supporting point)

- Use of formatting, graphics, and multi-media where appropriate

- Conclusion - relates to thesis and pulls supporting points together

Style

–

- Formal tone - complete sentences; conventional construction and language

- Active voice

Assignment:

Complete the first

two

steps in writing an Expository Essay.

You can use the sample writing prompt on Page 3 or choose a topic based on stories/articles of

your choosing. Page 3 also gives a sample thesis and outline based on the writing prompt. If

writing on your own topic and texts, choose three texts from different genres – e.g., short story,

science fiction, poetry, memoir, informational text, etc.

Step 1)

Prewrite

– Write your thesis statement.

– Determine the structure and organization (e.g., compare/contrast).

– Make an Outline (should include the thesis statement plus a list of

supporting points and a conclusion).

Step 2)

Draft

– Follow your Outline.

– Consider the audience's knowledge of and experience with the topic.

– Give concrete examples (each supporting point should be at least one

paragraph).

– Relate each point back to the thesis statement.

– Draw a conclusion that relates to the thesis statement and ties the

supporting points together.

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY - SAMPLE THESIS AND OUTLINE

WRITING PROMPT

Compare/contrast the authors' treatments of the theme of

taking

responsibility

in three different genres of text:

Short Story

–"Through the Tunnel,"

Science

Fiction

– "A Sound of Thunder," and

Informational Text

– "Quit blaming; take responsibility."

Thesis

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual genres,

each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible and

irresponsible behavior and drawing the conclusion of the benefits of taking responsibility.

Supporting paragraphs

– with formatting (subtitles):

1. Short Story

– Lessing ("Through the Tunnel") contrasts Jerry's irresponsible/ responsible

behavior and draws conclusion responsibility is best – Jerry feels better about himself.

- Irresponsible: Jerry tries to get attention, be accepted by other boys; wants to swim

through tunnel before ready (examples from story)

- Responsible: Jerry stops trying to please other boys; adopts his quest; trains and works

to be prepared (examples from story)

- Lessing draws unstated conclusion of benefits of taking responsibility

(contrasts Jerry's feelings before and after quest)

2. Science Fiction

– Bradbury ("A Sound of Thunder") contrasts Time Safari Inc.'s/ Eckels'

responsible/irresponsible behavior and graphically illustrates the devastating results of

irresponsibility.

- Irresponsible: Eckels' uncaring, irresponsible attitude (examples in story)

- Responsible: Time Safari's careful planning and preparation for the hunt

(examples

from story)

- Bradbury ends story showing dramatic impact of being irresponsible, implying the

benefits of responsibility

3. Informational Text

–

Gitomer ("Quit blaming; take responsibility") compares salespeople

with politicians in their tendency to avoid taking responsibility and contrasts that attitude with

suggestions on taking responsibility to achieve success.

- Irresponsible: Salespeople and politicians blame others for their failures

(specific examples from article)

- Responsible: Suggestions on how they can take responsibility by

studying failures and

making them successes (examples in article)

- Gitomer concludes that salespeople (and politicians) can achieve results

they seek by

overcoming obstacles and taking responsibility

Conclusion

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual

genres, each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible

and irresponsible behavior, concluding that taking responsibility brings the best r

isaiahh223g

ENGL 00400SL Lecture : Bioassay of gibberellins

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