BACHELOR OF EDUCATION Study Guide - Cardiac Arrhythmia, Hypervolemia, Nephrotoxicity
16 Aug 2022
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Acute kidney injury (formerly known as acute renal failure) nursing reviewer for board exam. Pre-renal cause: anything that reduces blood flow to the kidneys (e. g. dehydration, bleeding, hypotension) Intra-renal cause: anything that damages the nephrons (e. g. renal stones, trauma to the kidney, infection, nephrotoxic substances such as dyes for ct scan, antibiotics (aminoglycosides) Post-renal cause: anything that causes obstruction in the flow of urine (e. g. stones in the ureter, bph) Oliguric stage: sudden loss of kidney function causes reduced urine production. Fluids and electrolytes are retained causing fluid overload and increased level of electrolytes. Assess for pulmonary edema, pedal edema, increased bp, cardiac dysrhythmia, weight gain, etc. Bun, creatinine, and potassium (and other electrolytes) levels. Diuretic stage: as the kidneys compensate or start to heal, irwin output increases, reversing the fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Tomato products, sandwiches, salad dressings, soup, and pasta are high in sodium.
