BIOLOGY Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Paracrine Signalling, Signal Transduction, Insulin Receptor
7 Dec 2022
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On target cells that have different responses to the same hormone. Additionally, a hormone"s effects on various species can vary. Local regulators are nonhormonal chemical signals that trigger reactions in nearby target cells in paracrine signaling. Prostaglandins - assist in controlling platelet aggregation, a precursor to blood clot formation. The endocrine system is characterized by negative feedback and antagonistic hormone pairs. Hormones are put together to form regulatory pathways. Hormones are released by an endocrine cell, travel through the bloodstream, and interact with a receptor or a target cell to produce a response. A negative feedback loop reduces the initial stimulus, thus inhibiting the response. Negative feedback reverses a trend in which many hormonal pathways involved in homeostasis are regulated. Insulin and glucagon are antagonistic hormones that aid in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The pancreas contains islets of langerhans, which contain alpha cells that produce glucagon and beta cells that produce insulin.
