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BIO10 Lecture Notes - Dna Replication, Sexual Reproduction, Karyotype

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8 Dec 2022

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Mapua Institute of Technology

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Document Summary

The instructions for making cell parts are encoded in the dna, so each new cell must get a complete set of the dna molecules. Dna must be copied or replicated before cell division. Each new cell will then have an identical copy of the. All eukaryotic cells store genetic information in chromosomes. Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 identical pairs. Each chromosome is composed of a single, tightly coiled dna molecule. Chromosomes can"t be seen when cells aren"t dividing and are called chromatin. Dna is tightly coiled around proteins called histones. Duplicated chromosomes are called chromatids & are held together by the centromere. A picture of the chromosomes from a human cell arranged in pairs by size. Asexual reproduction involves a single cell dividing to make 2 new, identical daughter cells. Mitosis & binary fission are examples of asexual reproduction.

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Related Questions

Some cancer drugs such as vinblastine function by preventingformation of the mitotic spindle. The outcome is to_____________________________ of(in) cancerous cells.
A) prevent chromosomes coiling ready for duplication
B) reinstate the stop/start controls in the cell cycle
C) prevent chromosomes from producing chromatids
D) prevent homologous chromosomes lining up on the metaphaseplate
2. Most of the cell cycle is spent in ________________ during whichtime the cell grows and performs normal functions.
A) interphase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M (mitotic) phase
3. When an organism is described as âhaploidâ this infers that itscells
A) each contain one set of chromosomes
B) each contain half a chromosome
C) each contain two sets of chromosomes
D) each contain an âYâ chromosome
4. During _________________ of meiosis chromatids of homologouschromosomes exchange genetic material.
A) prophase II
B) anaphase I
C) prophase I
D) anaphase II
5. In a cell containing 20 chromosomes the process of meiosis willresult in ___ chromosomes in each cell.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 30
6. Some fungi cells complete mitosis however they do not completecytokinesis. This would result in
A) large nuclei containing many chromatids
B) large cells containing lots of nuclei
C) many cells each containing one nucleus
D) daughter cells identical to the original cell
7. Which of the following statements best describes a karyotype? Apicture showing
A) most pairs of homologous chromosomes including sex chromosomestaken from a skin cell
B) pairs of homologous chromosomes taken from a sperm cell
C) all pairs of homologous chromosomes taken from a skin cell
D) pairs of homologous chromosomes taken from an egg cell
8. Which one of the following occurs during mitosis?
A) Chromosomes are duplicated
B) The cell grows
C) Organelles such as mitochondria are duplicated
D) Chromatids separate
9. The function of meiosis is to generate cells
A) that are identical to the original cell
B) to be used for asexual reproduction
C) to be used in sexual reproduction
D) to be used for tissue repair
10. The general body cells of a Koala bear contain 16 chromosomes.Completion of one cell cycle will result in ______ cell(s) (each)with _____ chromosomes.
A) one; 16
B) two; 32
C) two; 32
D) two; 16

1. only one chromosome of a homologous pair is present in a cell

2. sister chromatids seperate

3. homologous chromosomes pair up

4. parent cell and daughter cells are genetically identical to each other

5. chromosomes replicate before nuclear division

6. crossing over

7. involved in growth and repair

8. homologous chromosomes separate

9. synthesis of sister chromatids before division

10. independent assortment

Answer Choices:

A. occurs ONLY in meiosis

B. occurs in BOTH mitosis and meiosis

C. occurs ONLY in mitosis

harlequineel895

1.

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about chromosomes?

Prokaryotes have a singel, circular chromosome

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes.

Human cells normally 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Eukaryote chromosomes are composed of only DNA

2.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about reproduction?

Eukaryotes life cycles include a haploid and diploid phase.

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually.

Eukaryotes can propagate by asexual or sexual reproduction.

Prokaryotes typically reproduce slower than eukaryotes.

3.

Which of the folllowing animal cells is most likely haploid?

nerve cell

muscle cell

sperm cell

liver cell

4.

When human gametes fuse, they form a _____.

		Haploid egg
		Diploid zygote
		Haploid zygote
		Triploid egg