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BIOL 2114L Lecture 4: Plasma Glucose - Insulin - Diabetes Mellitus BIOL 2114 Lab - PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 2

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cpflora
24 Dec 2022
School
WGTC
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 2114L
Professor

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Document Summary

Activity 2: plasma glucose, insulin, and diabetes mellitus. You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. You correctly answered: insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion. You correctly answered: all of these statements are true. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that. You correctly answered: the pancreas is not producing su cient insulin. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that. You correctly answered: the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin. You correctly answered: that opposes the action of insulin. Predict question: to measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample. Your answer: the glucose concentration of the sample will be measured and the optical density will be extrapolated from the glucose standard curve. You correctly answered: the tubes contain di erent amounts of glucose. You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.

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Related Questions

The most common type of diabetes mellitus is type 2. in this condition, the person has beta cells that secrete insulin, sometimes even in high amounts. Despite this, the person can still have hyperglycemia. propose an explanation as to how this might be possible. Most people with type 2 diabetes mellitus are overweight. what does that suggest about large adipocytes compared to small adipocytes?

Based on “Morgan: A case of Diabetes” by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)

The Patient:

Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly ¼ of Morgan’s tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:

Test

Morgan’s values

Normal range

Pre-Diabetic range

Diabetic range

Plasma glucose, mg/dl

260

70 -139

140 - 199

≥ 200

Fasting glucose, mg/dl

140

≤ 99

100 - 125

≥ 126

A1C, %

7.6

~ 5

5.7 – 6.4

≥ 6.5

Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml

34

2 - 10

10 - 20

≥ 20

Question 1:

Based on her history and blood results, what do you think is the most likely diagnosis for Morgan?

A. Type I Diabetes Mellitus

B. Type II Diabetes Mellitus

C. Pre-Diabetes

D. Cardiovascular Disease

Question 2:

What is the cause of Morgan’s disease?

A. It is an auto-immune disorder that destroys the β-cells of her pancreas so she produces less

insulin than normal.

B. She has a genetic mutation that results in less insulin receptor being produced than normal.

C. She has developed insulin resistance, where her insulin receptors do not recognize the insulin her

body produces, likely due to her obesity.

D. There is no known cause, it can happen spontaneously.

Morgan is worried that she will have to spend the rest of her life giving herself injections but her doctor does not prescribe insulin injections.

Question 3:

Why would injections of insulin not help Morgan if she has hyperglycemia?

A. Her body is already producing excess insulin but not responding to it.

B. Her problem is with her insulin receptors responding to insulin.

C. Excess insulin will only exacerbate her insulin resistance.

D. All of the above.

Question 4:

Given Morgan’s metabolic state, which of the following pathways would you expect to be active in Morgan’s cells (select all that apply)?

A. Glycolysis

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. β-oxidation

D. Amino acid degradation

E. Protein synthesis

A friend of yours said that insulin must signal to the eyes to protect them. He says this is because people who have type II diabetes can develop blindness, so this must be due to loss of insulin-induced regeneration. Do you agree with him? Why? Or if not how would you correct him?