HHP 4250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Thermogenesis, Vo2 Max, Endurance Training

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alyssarchuleta

9 Jan 2023

School

APSU

Department

Health and Human Performance

Course

HHP 4250

Professor

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Document Summary

An increase in core temperature results in? cutaneous vasodilation (blood goes toward surface and release heat) Increased nonshivering thermogenesis, improves ability to prevent large decreases in skin temp during cold, improved ability to sleep in cold exposure. Increase of plasma volume, higher sweat rate, reduced risk of electrolyte imbalance. Maximal aerobic power decrease with high altitude due to? lower po2 (amount of oxygen available) inverse relationship. Air providing less resistance (only sprint that rely on aerobic production of atp) Reduced ability to produce body heat, central nervous system disfunction. Vo2 max= maximal cardiac output x maximal a-vo2 difference (what influences two components) Increases in stroke volume (a-vo2 difference is oxygen extraction from blood) Increase plasma volume, ventricular volume (size of left ventricle) Endurance training results in increase mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. Specificity (effects are specific to type of training you are doing)

Related Questions

Which of the following statements are true about dehydration? Select ALL that apply.

a. Dehydration increases heart rate, skin temperature, and blood viscosity.

b. Dehydration decreases cardiac output, blood plasma volume, and muscle blood flow.

c. Even slight dehydration can result in measurable physiological changes.It's best to hydrate before, during, and after exercise.

d. Dehydration increases stroke volume, central blood volume, and muscle blood flow.

e. All humans sweat at the same rate based on the temperature of their environment.

f. Dehydration helps people regulate their body temperature in hot environments.

21. Aerobic training would decrease submaximalheart rate, which is beneficial for aerobic performance because

a. it saves energy used by heart beats.

b. it gives longer time for ventricular filling.

c. a and b.

d. None of above.

22. Aerobic training would ________ anaerobicpower during maximal exercise.

a. delay onset of

b. facilitate onset of

c. rely on

23. Compared to untrainedindividuals, trained endurance athletes have

a. higher maximal heartrates.

b. higher resting cardiacoutputs.

c. higher resting heartrates.

d. higher maximal strokevolumes.

24. What is the likely outcome oflow volume, low intensity training?

a. increased aerobiccapacity

b. increased anaerobiccapacity

c. increased aerobic andanaerobic capacity

d. little improvement in eitheraerobic or anaerobic capacity

25. Which of the followingstatements explaining the increase in SV after aerobic training iscorrect?

a. reload, contractility, andafterload increase

b. preload, contractility, andafterload decrease

c. preload and contractilityincrease, afterload decreases

d. preload decreases,contractility and afterload increase

26. When motor units contract moresynchronously,

a. muscles cannot sustainsteady forces anymore

b. muscles increase the rate offorce development

c. the ability to generateforce is impeded

d. a single motor neuron nowinnervates several motor units

27. In general, whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans most likely resultsfrom

a. mostly fiberhyperplasia

b. entirely fiberhyperplasia

c. mostly fiberhypertrophy

d. equal contributions of fiberhypertrophy and fiber hyperplasia

28. Overload can be achieved by

a. increasing intensity.

b. increasing recovery time.

c. a certain type of training.

d. All of above.

29. Resistance training increases forceproduction by

a. neural adaptation followed by intramuscular adaptation.

b. intramuscular adaptation followed by neural adaptation.

c. simultaneous neural and intramuscular adaptation.

30. Training causesan increase in stroke volume due to all of the following except

a. increased filling time.

b. increased left ventricular volume.

c. increased cardiac and arterial stiffness.

d. improved intrinsic contractile function.

31. The risk of DOMS after a giventraining session can be reduced by which trainingstrategy?

a. train at high intensity withboth resistance and anaerobic training components

b. train with primarily intenseeccentric exercise

c. reduce eccentric componentof muscle action

d. employ more downhillexercise in the training program

32. After anaerobic training, thecross-sectional areas of ______ are larger than before thetraining.

a. type I fibers

b. type II fibers

c. type I and type IIfibers

33. Aerobic training would cause __________cardiac hypertrophy, which is increased ______________.

a. concentric, the diameter of left ventricle.

b. eccentric, the diameter of left ventricle.

c. concentric, the wall thickness.

d. eccentric, the diameter and wall thickness of leftventricle.

34. InFartlek training, ___________ is changed based on

olivewater-buffalo410

1. Reflexes associated with Golgitendon organs prevent skeletal muscles from

a. stretching toofar

b. contracting with too muchforce

c. accumulating too much lacticacid

d. exercising toolong

2. Why do plasma glucoseconcentrations start to decline after prolonged enduranceexercise?

a. Glucagon releasedecreases.

b. Insulin releaseincreases.

c. Cortisol releasedecreases.

d. Glycogen stores aredepleted.

3. During a graded aerobic exercise,

a. SBP gradually increases while DBP remains same or slightlydecreases.

b. SBP remains same or slightly decreases while DBP graduallyincreases.

4. Factor(s) affecting blood pressure is(are)

a. HR.

b. SV.

c. Q.

d. TPR.

e. All of above.

5. Where does waterportion of sweat come from?

a. Inside of muscle cells.

b. Urine.

c. Plasma.

6. End-diastolic volume (EDV) -end-systolic volume (ESV) =

a. cardiac output(CO).

b. mean arterial pressure(MAP).

c. stroke volume(SV).

d. ejection fraction(EF).

7. The major factor affecting blood flow is

a. viscosity ofblood.

b. length of vessel.

c. radius of vessel.

d. shear stress ofvessel.

8. Accumulation of metabolicby-products in muscle (H⁺,CO₂, heat) leads to

a. vasoconstriction.

b. vasodilation.

c. sympatheticactivation.

d. reduced muscle bloodflow.

9. During a grated exercise until the point ofventilator threshold (VT) occurring,

a. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases proportionally to exerciseintensity increase.

b. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionally toexercise intensity increase.

10. Immediately stopping a steady-statesubmaximal exercise, VE steeply decreases. This decrease is dueto

a. decrease in PCO₂, H⁺, and the coretemperature (metabolic effect).

b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from activemuscle.

11. During the recovery period after asteady-state submaximal exercise, VE gradually decrease because

a. decrease in PCO₂, H⁺, and the coretemperature (metabolic effect).

b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from activemuscle.

12. Valsalvamaneuver is dangerous because

a. sore abdominal muscles.

b. a drop in blood pressure if Valsalva maneuver iscontinued.

c. a dangerous rise in blood pressure immediately afterstarting Valsalva maneuver.

d. b and c are correct.

e. All of above are correct.

13. The point atwhich pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionately withoxygen consumption (VO₂) during graded exercise iscalled

a. ventilatory threshold (VT).

b. lactate threshold (LT).

c. anaerobic threshold (AT).

14. Which condition duringexercise induces the right shift of hemoglobin's oxygen-binding affinity curve(Bohr effect)?

a. ADP accumulation

b. lower pH

c. mechanical compression ofmuscle capillaries

d. local hypoxia(low O₂)

15. How is bloodpressure response during submaximal exercise different between armsand legs?

a. Arms have a higher.

b. Legs have a higher.

c. They are the same

d. They can't be compared

16. Which of thefollowing does not increase the heart'sstroke volume?

a. Enhanced cardiac filling and ejection

b. Neurohormonal influence

c. Training adaptations that expand blood volume

d. Training adaptations that increase resistance to bloodflow

17. Which of the following willdecrease stroke volume (SV)?

a. increased preload

b. increasedcontractility

c. increased Calcium(Ca²⁺) concentrations

d. increasedafterload

18. For two athletes with sameVO₂max, An athlete who has _____ lactate thresholdpredicts better performance.

a. higher

b. lower

c. It doesn

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HHP 4250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Thermogenesis, Vo2 Max, Endurance Training

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