BSC 2010C Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Covalent Bond, Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide

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azaillia

28 Mar 2023

School

UCF

Department

Biology

Course

BSC 2010C

Professor

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Document Summary

Carbohydrates are organic macromolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. These molecules serve as a major source of energy for living organisms and are also involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling and structural support. The simplest carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, which is a single sugar molecule such as glucose, fructose, or galactose. These monosaccharides can combine to form larger, more complex carbohydrates called polysaccharides through condensation reactions. During these reactions, a molecule of water is removed, and a covalent bond is formed between the two monosaccharides. Polysaccharides can serve a variety of functions in cells. Starch, for example, is a polysaccharide that is used by plants to store glucose for energy. Glycogen is a similar polysaccharide that is used by animals to store glucose. Both starch and glycogen are composed of many glucose monomers joined together in a long chain.

Related Questions

Can somebody check if my answer is rght? Thank you

Complex carbohydrates

Indicate whether each of the following statements about polysaccharides is True or False.

1. Polysaccharides are long polymers made of many nucleotides that have been joined through dehydration synthesis. False
2. Cellulose is the main storage polysaccharide in plants while glycogen is an important storage polysaccharide in many animals. False
3. Both starch and glycogen are composed of Î±-glucose subunits. True
4. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, which are unbranched and branched chains of Î±-glucose subunits, respectively. False
5. Like amylopectin, glycogen is insoluble in water, but it has a longer average chain length and fewer branches. True
6. Although some polysaccharides are used to store energy, others serve as structural material for cells. True
7. The principal structural polysaccharide in plants is starch. True
8. Cellulose is composed of a long, branched chain of Î²-glucose subunits. True
9. The starch-hydrolyzing enzymes produced by most organisms cannot break the bond between two Î± -glucose subunits because they only recognize Î² linkages. False
10. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of many fungi. True

What is the difference between starch and cellulose? What is the difference between starch and cellulose?

A) In cellulose, the polymer is assembled using fructose instead of glucose. Cellulose is similar to glycogen in that it is used for short-term energy storage because the bonds can be easily hydrolyzed. Starch is used for long-term energy storage.

B) Cellulose can be hydrolyzed into monomers by the human digestive tract, whereas starch cannot.

C) Cellulose is composed of alternating monomers of glucose and galactose, whereas starch is composed of glucose only.

D) The monosaccharide monomers of cellulose differ from those in starch. The human digestive tract cannot hydrolyze these monomers.

E) In cellulose, the glucose monomers are assembled in an alternating pattern on different sides of the linked monomers, and the human digestive tract cannot break the bonds. In starch, the glucose monomers are not alternated and our digestive tract can break these bonds.

Please help me check this answers, the ones in bold are the ones I choose as my answers.

A food containing 20g of carbohydrates would have a kilocaoric value of

120

200

Excess carbohydrates beyond the body's need is converted in the body to.

Fat

Glycogen

Glucose

Protein

Which of the following terms would be identified as the most complex carbohydrate?

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides