BSC 2010C Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Insulin Resistance, Acromegaly, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1

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azaillia

28 Mar 2023

School

UCF

Department

Biology

Course

BSC 2010C

Professor

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Document Summary

Hormonal proteins are a type of protein that act as chemical messengers in the body, regulating a wide range of physiological processes. These proteins are produced by specialized cells in the endocrine system and are released into the bloodstream, where they can travel to target cells and elicit a response. One example of a hormonal protein is insulin, which is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. Insulin binds to receptors on the surface of cells in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, triggering the uptake and storage of glucose from the bloodstream. Another example of a hormonal protein is growth hormone, which is produced by the pituitary gland and is responsible for regulating growth and development. Growth hormone acts on cells throughout the body, stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1), which promotes cell growth and division.

Related Questions

1. In order for a hormone to cause a response, it must first bindto an appropriate receptor on its target cell. (Points: 1)
True
False

2. Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused byproblems with hormone production or lack of receptors for thehormones on the target cells. (Points: 1)
True
False

3. The levels of potassium and sodium in the body are regulatedprimarily by the hormone aldosterone. (Points: 1)
True
False

4. Nitric oxide is produced by cells lining the blood vessels; thischemical messenger regulates the contraction of smooth muscle inthe digestive tract as well as local blood flow in various tissuesof the body. (Points: 1)
True
False

5. Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by (Points:1)
ADH
prolactin
parathyroid hormone
glucagon
insulin

6. Which of the following is true regarding estrogen andprogesterone? (Points: 1)
They are secreted by the ovaries.
They are released during a female's reproductive years.
They regulate the menstrual cycle.
They stimulate the development of female secondary sexcharacteristics.
all of the above

7. Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes mellitus?(Points: 1)
blurred vision
high sodium concentration in the blood and urine
excessive thirst
tingling in the feet or hands
fatigue

8. Which of the following is required in the diet in order foractive thyroid hormones to be produced? (Points: 1)
calcium
phosphorus
iodine
zinc
iron

9. Which of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers isimportant in local control of blood flow and blood clotting?(Points: 1)
prostaglandins
nerve growth factor
tumor angiogenesis growth factor
histamine
epidermal growth factor

10. If diabetes is left untreated, which of the following coulddevelop as a result? (Points: 1)
neural disorders
kidney failure
blindness
cardiovascular disorders
all of the above

11. The process by which the blastocyst becomes buried within theendometrial lining of the uterus is: (Points: 1)
fertilization.
implantation.
morphogenesis.
differentiation
embryonic development.

12. The placenta forms from embryonic tissue and (Points: 1)
bone marrow
amniotic fluid
embryonic disk
endometrium
yolk sac

13. Which of the following organs is not fully developed in a fetusand is therefore bypassed by the ductus aerteriosus? (Points:1)
liver
pancreas
heart
lungs
bladder

14. During puberty, the secretion of GnRH causes the secretion of________, which in turn stimulate(s) the production of sexhormones. (Points: 1)
LH and FSH
oxytocin and prolactin
insulin
growth hormone
oxytocin and growth hormone

15. Research on the aging process shows that wounds of the elderlyheal more slowly and that they are more susceptible to disease.These are problems associated with an aging ________ system.(Points: 1)
respiratory
immune
integumentary
digestive
endocrine

________________________________________

cyanwoodchuck896

1. During the oxidation of glucose within a typicalanimal cell, reduced electron carrier such as NADH areproduced. What is the terminal electron acceptor of theelectrons carried by NADH?

2. Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the betacells of the pancreas in response to elevated levels of bloodglucose. Locally, insulin will inhibit the release ofglycagen from alpha cells in the pancreas, and it will also impactthe metabolism of many peripheal tissues. The actions ofinsulin are best described?

3. What hormone binds to a receptor tyrosinekinase?

4. Besides its role in glycogen synthesis, whatdirectly relies on UDP-glucose?

skyfish311

Cells of the pancreas (an organ located in the abdomen that is part of the digestive system) determine the set point for blood glucose (blood sugar). After a meal, glucose levels are elevated and the pancreas detects the change and produces insulin. Insulin and glucose move into the bloodstream where they are transported to different areas of the body. The insulin allows glucose to move from the bloodstream into the muscles and liver where the glucose is stored or used as energy for cellular work.

1. The scenario describes a case in which the pancreas accepts information that the body has absorbed sugar during digestion. Research diseases related to glucose levels and answer each question.

a. Describe what might happen (in relation to homeostasis) if a personâs glucose levels became too high and the pancreas did not secrete enough insulin.

b. What is the common name for this disease?

c. List the symptoms of the disease and its treatment options.

greenkoala408

BSC 2010C Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Insulin Resistance, Acromegaly, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1

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