COM120H1 : INTRODUCTION TO DATASTRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM

13 views2 pages

anikeshmallick2176

26 Apr 2023

School

Adamas University

Department

Engineering

Course

COM120H1

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

This course is designed for placement preparation and will mainly cover data structures and algorithms using c and c++. Even if you do not know c++, you will still be able to follow along easily. The notes will be made available as a pdf in the description below. Data structures are used to arrange data in main memory for efficient usage while algorithms are a sequence of steps to solve a given problem. In this course, we will cover arrays, linked lists, and graphs as examples of data structures and dive into solving problems using different algorithms. C and c++ will be the primary languages used in this course but java can also be used to implement the algorithms. Python or javascript for beginners but rather suggest learning c to get a solid foundation in programming. Learning data structures and algorithms is a responsibility and i will teach this course in a way that is easy to understand for beginners.

Related Questions

Problem 1:
Alice is rearranging her library. She takes the innermost shelf and reverses the order of books. If you want to automate this process, which data structure would you prefer to do this and why?

Problem 2:
There are two persons A and B. Both are maintaining two book shelves. A takes the first book (the book he kept for the first time in the shelf) from the shelf and reads it. B prefers to take the last book and reads. After reading a book, both A and B keep the book in a separate shelf. Write a Python program to implement this process. Identify the data structures and define the operations accordingly.

mirra

Python Programming Tutorial

In this Python tutorial, you'll learn everything you need to start programming in Python. This tutorial is perfect for data science, machine learning, and web development. No prior knowledge in Python or programming is required as everything will be taught from scratch. I'm Mosh Hamadani, and I've taught millions of people how to code through this channel. If you're new here, make sure to subscribe as I upload new videos every week. Let's jump in and get started.

What is Python?

Python is a multipurpose programming language that can be used for a variety of different tasks, such as automation, web development, and data science.

You can use Python in automation to automate repetitive tasks and save time and increase productivity.
You need to install a code editor to write your own Python code.
You can build amazing websites powered by Python.

We'll be using PyCharm as our code editor in this tutorial. When you open PyCharm for the first time, you have to configure a few settings, but we can skip that for now and set defaults. Let's create a new project and collapse the project window to give more space. We can then print a message on our application window.

Running Python Code

To run Python code in PyCharm, we go to the run menu and select run, or use the shortcut (ctrl+shift+r on a Mac). Then select the app to run, and the output will appear in the terminal window. Python is case sensitive so make sure to use the correct case when coding. We can declare variables, such as age and price, and assign them values. Python also has boolean values that can be true or false.

Now let's start coding!

age = 30
print(age)
price = 19.95
print(price) Declare and Use Variables in Python

Here's a little exercise for you: imagine we want to write a program for a hospital, so we're going to check in a patient named John Smith. He's 20 years old and is a new patient. I want you to declare a few variables to store these values.

Use the comment section below to share your code.

Receiving User Input in Python

In Python, we have a built-in function called input() that we use to read a value from the terminal window. We can add a string argument to the function to prompt the user for input.

Let's write a simple program to demonstrate this:

name = input("What is your name? ")print("Hello, " + name)

When we run this program, it will prompt the user to input their name. Once a value is entered, the program will print the greeting message with the input value.

Data Types in Python

There are three main data types in Python: numbers, strings, and booleans.

Numbers - This includes integers and floating-point numbers.
Strings - This includes textual data.
Booleans - This includes True and False values.

Converting Data Types in Python

Python has several built-in functions for converting the types of our variables. For example, we have the int() function for converting a value to an integer:

birth_year = "1982"age = 2020 - int(birth_year)print("You are " + str(age) + " years old.")

In the above example, we use the int() function to convert the birth_year string to an integer so we can subtract it from the current year.

We also have the float() function for converting a value to a float:

num = "10.5"float_num = float(num)print(float_num)

In the above example, we use the float() function to convert the num string to a floating point number.

Type Conversion in Python

In programming languages like Python, there are times when you need to convert a variable from one type to another. In this tutorial, I'll show you a bunch of cool things you can do with strings using Python for beginners.

In Python, the index of the first character in a string is 0. So, when we run this program, you're going to see 1 on the terminal because the index is 1.

print("Hello World"[1]) # Output: e

The float function is used to convert a string to a float value.

first = float(input("Enter the first number: "))

We can also change this expression to first + second, which is another way to write this piece of code.

The lower method is used to convert a string to lowercase or to find a character or a sequence of characters.

string = "Hello World"print(string.lower()) # Output: hello worldprint(string.find('o')) # Output: 4print(string.replace('o','a')) # Output: Hella Warld

The in operator can be used to check if a string contains a character.

string = "Python is a programming language for beginners."print('language' in string) # Output: True Arithmetic Operators in Python

Python has various arithmetic operators that we can use, such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/).

print(10 + 3) # Output: 13

We also have an augmented assignment operator in Python that means incrementing a variable by a value.

x = 5x += 3 # Output: 8

Operator precedence in Python is similar to math, but we can always use parentheses to change the order of operations.

x = 10 + 3 * 2 # Output: 16

Multiplication and division have a higher order, so they are evaluated first. That's why the answer is 16.

x = 10 + 3 / 2print(x) # Output: 11.5

When we print x, we get 11.5.

x += 3print(x) # Output: 14.5

When we run x += 3, we get 14.5 as the result. When we run x == 13, it will store False in the x variable.

x = 1000 # Output: 1000

sheikraja09

*Please refer to the attached file.

You are writing a rough draft for the essay part 1,

This writing practice will focus on

Steps *1 and *2 below:

___________________

FIVE STEPS OF WRITING~*1- Prewrite*2-Draft 3- Revise 4- Edit/Proofread 5- Publish

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY

– explains, points out

Used in articles, essays, exam questions

- Used to report on research

- Used to share information, give directions

REVIEW:

Elements of Expository Essay:

Thesis

–

Thesis Statement states topic, introduces supporting points

Structure

–

- Organization - often by Cause/Effect, Problem/Solution, Compare/Contrast

- Supporting paragraphs (at least one per supporting point)

- Use of formatting, graphics, and multi-media where appropriate

- Conclusion - relates to thesis and pulls supporting points together

Style

–

- Formal tone - complete sentences; conventional construction and language

- Active voice

Assignment:

Complete the first

two

steps in writing an Expository Essay.

You can use the sample writing prompt on Page 3 or choose a topic based on stories/articles of

your choosing. Page 3 also gives a sample thesis and outline based on the writing prompt. If

writing on your own topic and texts, choose three texts from different genres – e.g., short story,

science fiction, poetry, memoir, informational text, etc.

Step 1)

Prewrite

– Write your thesis statement.

– Determine the structure and organization (e.g., compare/contrast).

– Make an Outline (should include the thesis statement plus a list of

supporting points and a conclusion).

Step 2)

Draft

– Follow your Outline.

– Consider the audience's knowledge of and experience with the topic.

– Give concrete examples (each supporting point should be at least one

paragraph).

– Relate each point back to the thesis statement.

– Draw a conclusion that relates to the thesis statement and ties the

supporting points together.

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY - SAMPLE THESIS AND OUTLINE

WRITING PROMPT

Compare/contrast the authors' treatments of the theme of

taking

responsibility

in three different genres of text:

Short Story

–"Through the Tunnel,"

Science

Fiction

– "A Sound of Thunder," and

Informational Text

– "Quit blaming; take responsibility."

Thesis

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual genres,

each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible and

irresponsible behavior and drawing the conclusion of the benefits of taking responsibility.

Supporting paragraphs

– with formatting (subtitles):

1. Short Story

– Lessing ("Through the Tunnel") contrasts Jerry's irresponsible/ responsible

behavior and draws conclusion responsibility is best – Jerry feels better about himself.

- Irresponsible: Jerry tries to get attention, be accepted by other boys; wants to swim

through tunnel before ready (examples from story)

- Responsible: Jerry stops trying to please other boys; adopts his quest; trains and works

to be prepared (examples from story)

- Lessing draws unstated conclusion of benefits of taking responsibility

(contrasts Jerry's feelings before and after quest)

2. Science Fiction

– Bradbury ("A Sound of Thunder") contrasts Time Safari Inc.'s/ Eckels'

responsible/irresponsible behavior and graphically illustrates the devastating results of

irresponsibility.

- Irresponsible: Eckels' uncaring, irresponsible attitude (examples in story)

- Responsible: Time Safari's careful planning and preparation for the hunt

(examples

from story)

- Bradbury ends story showing dramatic impact of being irresponsible, implying the

benefits of responsibility

3. Informational Text

–

Gitomer ("Quit blaming; take responsibility") compares salespeople

with politicians in their tendency to avoid taking responsibility and contrasts that attitude with

suggestions on taking responsibility to achieve success.

- Irresponsible: Salespeople and politicians blame others for their failures

(specific examples from article)

- Responsible: Suggestions on how they can take responsibility by

studying failures and

making them successes (examples in article)

- Gitomer concludes that salespeople (and politicians) can achieve results

they seek by

overcoming obstacles and taking responsibility

Conclusion

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual

genres, each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible

and irresponsible behavior, concluding that taking responsibility brings the best r

This writing practice will focus on

Steps *1 and *2 below:

___________________

FIVE STEPS OF WRITING ~* 1-Prewrite* 2- Draft 3- Revise\ 4- Edit/Proofread 5- Publish

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY

– explains, points out

Used in articles, essays, exam questions

- Used to report on research

- Used to share information, give directions

REVIEW:

Elements of Expository Essay:

Thesis

–

Thesis Statement states topic, introduces supporting points

Structure

–

- Organization - often by Cause/Effect, Problem/Solution, Compare/Contrast

- Supporting paragraphs (at least one per supporting point)

- Use of formatting, graphics, and multi-media where appropriate

- Conclusion - relates to thesis and pulls supporting points together

Style

–

- Formal tone - complete sentences; conventional construction and language

- Active voice

Assignment:

Complete the first

two

steps in writing an Expository Essay.

You can use the sample writing prompt on Page 3 or choose a topic based on stories/articles of

your choosing. Page 3 also gives a sample thesis and outline based on the writing prompt. If

writing on your own topic and texts, choose three texts from different genres – e.g., short story,

science fiction, poetry, memoir, informational text, etc.

Step 1)

Prewrite

– Write your thesis statement.

– Determine the structure and organization (e.g., compare/contrast).

– Make an Outline (should include the thesis statement plus a list of

supporting points and a conclusion).

Step 2)

Draft

– Follow your Outline.

– Consider the audience's knowledge of and experience with the topic.

– Give concrete examples (each supporting point should be at least one

paragraph).

– Relate each point back to the thesis statement.

– Draw a conclusion that relates to the thesis statement and ties the

supporting points together.

Expository Essay Part 1

Student Resource

EXPOSITORY ESSAY - SAMPLE THESIS AND OUTLINE

WRITING PROMPT

Compare/contrast the authors' treatments of the theme of

taking

responsibility

in three different genres of text:

Short Story

–"Through the Tunnel,"

Science

Fiction

– "A Sound of Thunder," and

Informational Text

– "Quit blaming; take responsibility."

Thesis

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual genres,

each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible and

irresponsible behavior and drawing the conclusion of the benefits of taking responsibility.

Supporting paragraphs

– with formatting (subtitles):

1. Short Story

– Lessing ("Through the Tunnel") contrasts Jerry's irresponsible/ responsible

behavior and draws conclusion responsibility is best – Jerry feels better about himself.

- Irresponsible: Jerry tries to get attention, be accepted by other boys; wants to swim

through tunnel before ready (examples from story)

- Responsible: Jerry stops trying to please other boys; adopts his quest; trains and works

to be prepared (examples from story)

- Lessing draws unstated conclusion of benefits of taking responsibility

(contrasts Jerry's feelings before and after quest)

2. Science Fiction

– Bradbury ("A Sound of Thunder") contrasts Time Safari Inc.'s/ Eckels'

responsible/irresponsible behavior and graphically illustrates the devastating results of

irresponsibility.

- Irresponsible: Eckels' uncaring, irresponsible attitude (examples in story)

- Responsible: Time Safari's careful planning and preparation for the hunt

(examples

from story)

- Bradbury ends story showing dramatic impact of being irresponsible, implying the

benefits of responsibility

3. Informational Text

–

Gitomer ("Quit blaming; take responsibility") compares salespeople

with politicians in their tendency to avoid taking responsibility and contrasts that attitude with

suggestions on taking responsibility to achieve success.

- Irresponsible: Salespeople and politicians blame others for their failures

(specific examples from article)

- Responsible: Suggestions on how they can take responsibility by

studying failures and

making them successes (examples in article)

- Gitomer concludes that salespeople (and politicians) can achieve results

they seek by

overcoming obstacles and taking responsibility

Conclusion

Authors Lessing, Bradbury, and Gitomer, writing in three different textual

genres, each address the theme of taking responsibility by contrasting instances of responsible

and irresponsible behavior, concluding that taking responsibility brings the best r

isaiahh223g

COM120H1 : INTRODUCTION TO DATASTRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Study Guide - Final Guide: Data Structure, Linked List, In C

MATH 560 Chapter Notes -Data Structure, Tea Bag, Data Warehouse

DMS Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Algorithmic Efficiency, Big Data, Code Segment

Related Questions