PSYC 385 Midterm: Biopsychology Exam 3

6.1 Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage help form the skeleton

1. Describe the functional properties [and locations] of the three types of cartilage tissue. 2 pts*

a. Hyaline cartilages: functional properties & locations

b. Elastic cartilages: functional properties & locations

c. Fibrocartilages: functional properties & locations

1. Locate the major cartilages of the adult skeleton. No response needed.
2. Explain how cartilage grows. 1 pt

6.2 Bones perform several important functions

1. List and describe seven important functions of bones. 2 pts

a. Function #1: describe

b. Function #2: describe

Etc.

6.3 Bones are classified by their location and shape

1. Name the major regions of the skeleton and describe their relative functions. No response needed.
2. Compare and contrast the structure of the four bone classes and provide examples of each class. 2 pts

a. Class #1: structure and examples

b. Class #2: structure and examples

Etc.

6.4 The gross structure of all bones consists of compact bone sandwiching spongy bone

1. Describe the gross anatomy of a typical flat bone and a long bone. No response needed for this first part. Indicate the locations & functions of red & yellow marrow, articular cartilage, periosteum and endosteum. 3 pts

a. Red marrow: location and function

b. Yellow marrow: location and function

c. Articular cartilage: location and function

d. Periosteum: location and function

e. Endosteum: location and functions

1. Indicate the functional importance of bone markings. 1 pt
2. Describe the histology of compact and spongy bone. 2 pts

a. Histology of compact bone (Hint: osteons)

b. Histology of spongy bone (Hint: trabeculae)

1. Discuss the chemical composition of bone and the advantages conferred by the organic and inorganic components. 2 pts

a. Organic components and advantages

b. Inorganic components and advantages

6.5 Bones develop either by intramembranous or endochondral ossification

1. Compare and contrast intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. 1 pt (Hint: do NOT outline individual steps. Look at the overall processes.)
2. Describe the process of long bone growth that occurs at the epiphyseal plates. 1 pt

6.6 Bone remodeling involves bone deposit and removal

1. Compare the locations and remodeling functions of the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. 1 pt

a. Osteoblasts: location and remodeling function

b. Osteocytes: location and remodeling function

c. Osteoclasts: location and remodeling function

1. Explain how hormones and physical [mechanical] stress regulate bone remodeling. 2 pts

a. Hormones: explain how hormones regulate remodeling

b. Physical [mechanical] stress: explain how stress regulates remodeling

6.7 Bone repair involves hematoma and callus formation, and remodeling

1. Describe the steps of fracture repair. 1 pt

a. Step #1: describe

b. Step #2: describe

Etc.

6.8 Bone disorders result from abnormal bone deposition and resorption

1. Contrast the disorders of bone remodeling seen in osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget’s disease. 1.5 pts a. Osteomalacia: contrast with other 2 disorders

b. Osteoporosis: contrast with other 2 disorders

c. Paget’s disease: contrast with other 2 disorders

Developmental Aspects of Bones: Timing of Events

1. Describe the timing and cause of changes in bone architecture and bone mass throughout life. 1.5 pts

SYSTEM CONNECTIONS: Homeostatic Interrelationships between the Skeletal System and Other Body Systems, p. 195

1. Choose TWO other body systems and state their interrelationship with the skeletal system 1 pt

1. System #1: interrelationship with skeletal system
2. System #2: interrelationship with skeletal system