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List one lipid-related disease, which lipid-group is affected (phospholipid, glycolipid,…), what the function of that lipid would be (vitamins, transporter, membrane, degradation, storage?) and the effect the disease has on the body. What is a lipid?

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Beverley Smith
Beverley SmithLv2
18 Jan 2018
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Related questions

Please check P1&P2 & help with P3

P1.

A. DNA

B. Glycogen

C. Ribosome

D. miRNA

E1. Triacylglycerol

E2. Cyclic AMP

F. Acetyl CoA

G. Testosterone

H. ATP

I. Tau

1. Which molecules contain nucleotides? A, H, F, E2, D, C?

2. Which molecules contain at least one fatty acid? E1

3. Which molecules contain amino acids? I

4. Which molecules contain a sugar? A, B, H, E2, D, F

P2.

A. Phospholipid

B. Glycolipid

C. Cholesterol

D. None

1. Which molecules are amphipathic? A, B, C

2. Which molecules would decrease fluidity of plasma membrane? A?, B?, C

3. Which molecules are important for cell-cell recognition? B?

4. Which molecules are located solely on the intracellular surface of the plasma membrane, facing the cytosol? D

P3. 1. Describe where the following amino acids would be found in the glucose transporter (GLUT2) - part of the protein exposed to the lipid bilayer or within the interior of the transporter - and provide reasoning.

1A. Valine

1B. Serine

Acidic, basic, nonpolar, uncharged polar

2. Which amino acids form hydrogen bonds that shape tertiary structure?

3. Which amino acids allow transmembrane proteins to span the lipid bilayer?

Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream in lipoproteinparticles. There are several classes of lipoprotein particles, butone of the most important classes is called Low-densitylipoproteins (LDL). LDL particles are composed of a single moleculeof a large protein called apolipoprotein, as well as thousands ofcholesterols molecules and phospholipids. Part of theapolipoprotein forms the surface of the particles and faces theaqueous phase, while other parts face the hydrophobic interior ofthe particle where they interact with cholesterol and thehydrophobic tails of the phospholipids. When cells need additionalcholesterol, they produce a receptor protein on the surface oftheir plasma membrane that binds to the apolipoprotein andinitiates the uptake of LDL particles into the cell via a processcalled endocytosis.

1. What is the likely reason that LDL particles are used totransport cholesterol in the blood stream?

a. Cholesterol in LDL particles easily inserts into lipidbilayers

b. Cholesterol id largely insoluble in aqueous solutions

c. Cholesterol is synthesized within LDL particles

d. LDL particles can form lipid rafts in the lipid bilayer

2. What is the most likely location of phospholipids in LDLparticles?

a. Bound to the hydrophilic domain of apolipoprotein

b. In the lipid bilayer that surrounds LDL particles

c. On the surface interacting with the aqueous environment aswell as interacting with the hydrophobic core of the particle

d. Within the hydrophobic core of the particle

3. What best describes the class of protein that apolipoproteinbelongs to?

a. Amphipathic proteins

b. Cell surface proteins

c. Membrane associated protein

d. Multipass membrane proteins

4. What kind of molecule on the surface of the cell would bemost likely to serve as a receptor for LDL particles?

a. a cholesterol binding protein

b. a glycolipid

c. a phospholipid

d. trans membrane protein

5. What conditions would be most likely to trigger increaseduptake of LDL particles by cells?

a. increased glycolipid synthesis

b. increased plasma membrane growth

c. increased protein secretion

d. increase protein synthesis


Please answer the 3 following question and provide a short reasonwhy you chose your answer.
31. You observe that in certain families the segregation of atruncated deletion variant of a chromosome
correlates with developing adult onset diabetes. This observationprovides direct experimental evidence for
which of the following. (choose one answer)
A) Chromosome theory of inheritance.
B) The cell theory of life.
C) DNA constitutes the genetic material.
D) Chromosomes have to be a certain length to preventdisease.

32. Which of the following statements concerning membrane fluidityare correct?
A) Non-covalent interactions between lipid fatty acid tails arewhat ultimately cause the phase transition of
membranes from a fluid state to a frozen state.
B) Increased fatty acid tail length and saturation will tend todecrease membrane fluidity.
C) The presence of cholesterol in the membrane will make lipidbilayers less fluid at high temperatures.
D) The presence of cholesterol in the membrane will make lipidbilayers more fluid at low temperatures.
E) All are correct
F) A, B and C are correct
G) A, B and D are correct

33. Which of the following contribute to the asymmetric nature oflipids in the plasma membrane?
A) There is a limited set of enzymes that transfer specific lipidhead groups during lipid biosynthesis.
B) The enzymes that catalyze glycolipid synthesis are only found onthe lumen side of the ER
membrane.
C) Lipid rafts flip specific phospholipids from one leaflet of themembrane to the other.
D) The rapid diffusion of proteins in the plane of the membrane canforce lipids to jump from one side
of the membrane to the other.
E) All of the above

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