Which types of mutations are more likely to be harmful, a base change in the third position of a codon, or a base change in the first position of a codon? Why? Are all changes to the third position of a codon silent? Do all changes to the first position of a codon change the encoded amino acid?
You start with true-breeding tall plants with yellow seeds, and true-breeding short plants with green seeds. You do a cross and all of the F1 are tall with yellow seeds. What fraction of the plants will have yellow seeds in the F2? Does it matter if the two traits (height and seed color) are linked when you answer that question? What fraction of the plants will be tall with green seeds in the F2? Does it matter if the two traits (height and seed color) are linked when you answer that question? If the two traits are completely linked (no recombination occurs between the genetic loci controlling these traits) what fraction of the F2 will be short with yellow seeds? If the two traits are unlinked, what fraction of the F2 will be short with yellow seeds?
Is the degree of linkage simply a matter of how far apart two genetic loci are on a chromosome?
What is the maximum genetic distance two loci can be apart on a chromosome? At what genetic distance do they simply become unlinked?
Why is the error rate during DNA replication related to population size?
Which types of mutations are more likely to be harmful, a base change in the third position of a codon, or a base change in the first position of a codon? Why? Are all changes to the third position of a codon silent? Do all changes to the first position of a codon change the encoded amino acid?
You start with true-breeding tall plants with yellow seeds, and true-breeding short plants with green seeds. You do a cross and all of the F1 are tall with yellow seeds. What fraction of the plants will have yellow seeds in the F2? Does it matter if the two traits (height and seed color) are linked when you answer that question? What fraction of the plants will be tall with green seeds in the F2? Does it matter if the two traits (height and seed color) are linked when you answer that question? If the two traits are completely linked (no recombination occurs between the genetic loci controlling these traits) what fraction of the F2 will be short with yellow seeds? If the two traits are unlinked, what fraction of the F2 will be short with yellow seeds?
Is the degree of linkage simply a matter of how far apart two genetic loci are on a chromosome?
What is the maximum genetic distance two loci can be apart on a chromosome? At what genetic distance do they simply become unlinked?
Why is the error rate during DNA replication related to population size?
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Related questions
A variety of pure-breeding snapdragons produces a tall plant with green seeds (WWSS). A second variety of pure-breeding snapdragons produce a short plant with white seeds (wwss). The two varieties are crossed, and the resulting seeds are collected. All of the seeds are green and when planted, they produce all tall plants (WwSs). These tall F1 plants are allowed to self-fertilize. The results for seeds and plant height in the F2 generations are as follows. What is the ?2 value, and the degrees of freedom for this experiment?
| F2 Plant phenotype | Observed # |
| Green seed, tall | 600 |
| White seed, tall | 175 |
| Green seed, short | 165 |
| White seed, short | 60 |
| Total | 1000 |
| ?2 = 6.1, df = 4 | ||
| ?2 = 6.1, df = 1 | ||
| ?2 = 0.4, df = 3 | ||
| ?2 = 0.4, df = 4 | ||
| ?2 = 6.1, df = 3 | ||
| ?2 = 0.4, df = 1 |
A variety of pure-breeding snapdragons produces a tall plant with green seeds (WWSS). A second variety of pure-breeding snapdragons produce a short plant with white seeds (wwss). The two varieties are crossed, and the resulting seeds are collected. All of the seeds are green and when planted, they produce all tall plants (WwSs). These tall F1 plants are allowed to self-fertilize. The results for seeds and plant height in the F2 generations are as follows. What is the ?2
value, and the degrees of freedom for this experiment?
| F2 Plant phenotype | Observed # |
| Green seed, tall | 588 |
| White seed, tall | 155 |
| Green seed, short | 162 |
| White seed, short | 95 |
| Total | 1000 |
| ?2 = 27.1, df = 1 | ||
| ?2 = 27.1, df = 3 | ||
| ?2 = 3.1, df = 3 | ||
| ?2 = 3.1, df = 4 | ||
| ?2 = 3.1, df = 1 | ||
| ?2 = 27.1, df = 4 |
