Explain how our genes control our traits with a specific example. Your explanation should contain the following words: transcription, translation, gene, mRNA, and protein. You should include the name of a specific gene and a specific protein, and try to explain how the role of that particular protein relates to the trait.

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Collen VonLv2

5 Mar 2018

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Explain how a single a single nucleotide (base pair) change could cause a change in plant height from tall to short. Choose a specific gene (you do not need to know the name of the gene, but clearly indicate what the gene/gene product/protein it encodes does) and outline the steps, from gene (DNA) to final trait (plant height), by which this change in phenotype could occur. Your explanation should include how the mutation could affect the action/function of the gene/gene product.

Answer the following True or False questions and briefly explain your answers.

True or False EXPLAIN: Most human cells, in a single individual, contain the same amount and type of DNA

True or False EXPLAIN: Most human cells, in a single individual, contain the same amount and type of protein.

True or False EXPLAIN: Once a gene is transcribed, it is always translated immediately.

True or False EXPLAIN: RNA polymerase binds to the promoters of all genes at all times, so that it is prepared for transcription.

True or False EXPLAIN: Some transcription factors are general (they play a role in the transcription of most or all genes), while other transcription factors are specific to just a few genes.

True or False: EXPLAIN Turning genes on at the right time and place requires both specific regulatory DNA sequences and specific regulatory proteins.

How can scientists use the CRISPR/Cas9 system used to mutate a gene? (Choose ALL correct answers)

Cas9 and the RNA it binds to can be put into cells by scientists in order to induce breaks at specific DNA sequences

once the DNA is cut, repair mechanisms of the cell can make changes to the DNA at that specific site

Cas9 binds with the transcribed mRNA from the gene and interferes with translation so that the protein is never produced

Cas9 can bind to the promoter of the gene to change the frequency of gene transcription