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Some photosynthetic cyanobacteria carry out nitrogen fixation in specialized compartments that contain photosystem I, but lack photosystem II. Use one sentence to explain why it would be advantageous to separate nitrogen fixation from photosystem II.

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Related questions

"Helps fix nitrogen in soil. Boost pea and bean yields with Garden Soil Inoculant. Simply shake granules into furrows as you plant. It contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria to promote stronger root systems and larger harvests. Easy-to-use sprinkler top makes application a snap. 8.7-oz. container treats a 150' row." This product is recommended for growing plants such as beans and peas, for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: These plants can convert nitrogen gas to ammonia

These plants can convert nitrogen gas to ammonia

These plants form symbiotic relationships with bacteria in the product.

These plants are legumes.

These plants produce root nodules that harbor bacteria.

Molecular nitrogen (nitrogen gas) makes up 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere, but is unavailable for use by all organisms except for some nitrogen-fixing ____. (Choose all correct answers.)

bacteria

cyanobacteria

eukaryotes

prokaryotes

fungi

Protists

Nitrogen gas is a chemically inert molecule. The prokaryotes that fix-nitrogen produce the enzyme nitrogenase. What does this enzyme do that allows these organisms to use nitrogen gas? (Hint: You might want to consult a chemistry book to help you with this answer.)

In biological nitrogen fixation (N2, ammonia, hydrogen, oxygen), is (Reduced, oxidized) when it accepts atoms, resulting in the production of (nitrogen gas, nitrate, water, ammonia ) .

Legumes produce (nitrogen, nitrogenase, lehemoglobin,oxygen ,bacteria) , which regulates the amount of (nitrogen, nitrogenase, lehemoglobin,oxygen ,bacteria) present in the root nodule so (nitrogen, nitrogenase, lehemoglobin,oxygen ,bacteria) activity is not inhibited.

Humans and other animals acquire their nitrogen from which of the following? (Choose all correct answers.)

protein from animals that eat other animals

protein from animals that eat plants

plant protein

protein from legumes

The nitrogen sources used by humans are (organic, inorganic) componds, while nitrogen gas is an (organic, inorganic) compound.

1.Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein that has 7 alpha helices embedded in the cell membrane. As such, how many start-transfer and stop-transfer sequences would it need?

7 start transfer sequences, 6 stop transfer sequences

7 of each, in alternating fashion

4 start transfer sequences and 3 stop transfer sequences

7 start transfer sequences

2. The role of GTP hydrolysis by the Signal Recognition Particle during cotranslational translocation to the ER is

to release the SRP after docking to the translocon so translation can resume.

to open the gate/pore of the translocon into the ER.

to arrest translation so that synthesis does not finish before the peptide is delivered to the translocon.

to allow binding to the ribosome.

3. The cisternal maturation model is just one model that describes how objects might move through the Golgi. Some of the statements below describing the cisternal maturation model are correct and some are incorrect. Select all the incorrect descriptions.

There's no need for retrograde movement

Vesicles bud off from the Trans Golgi Network toward the plasma membrane

Vesicular tubules move materials from the cis to medial Golgi networks.

There are no vesicles moving in the anterograde direction

4. Select all statements that are correct concerning electron transport and ATP synthesis during photosynthesis in chloroplasts.

Each photosystem (I and II) pump protons.

Protons are pumped into the lumen of the thylakoid.

The bulb of the synthase projects into the stroma

Photosystem I is reduced directly by Photosystem II

5. Select all that are true about ATP synthesis with an FoF1 synthase complex.

Each ADP+Pi is transferred from one beta subunit in Open conformation to a second beta subunit in Loose conformation and finally to the 3rd beta subunit in the T conformation

As the gamma subunit rotates to each beta subunit, it forces them to the open state.

As the gamma subunit rotates to a particular beta subunit, the unit before it changes conformation to Tight and the one ahead of it changes to Loose

As the gamma subunit rotates to a particular beta subunit, the unit before it changes conformation to Loose and the one ahead of it changes to Tight

All 3 beta subunits are always in a different conformation (open, loose, or tight)

6. The number of ATPs per NADH generated by the electron transport system is higher than the number generated per FADH2 because __________.

electrons from FADH2 are not oxidized all the way to water

NADH is converted to NAD+, which increases the charge gradient for ATP synthesis

FADH2 has a lower (less negative) redox potential than NADH does

FADH2 has a higher (more negative) redox potential than NADH does

5. Some bacteria live in deep sea vents where no light penetrates, yet are still capable of producing their own reduced carbon (e.g. fixing carbon dioxide). These organisms are classified as

(A) photoheterotroph (B) photoautotroph

(C)chemoheterotroph (D)chemoautotroph

(E) organotroph

6. Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of

(A) ammonium ion to nitrogen gas. (B) nitrogen gas to ammonium ion.

(C)nitrate ion to nitrogen gas. (D)ammonium ion to nitrate ion.

(E) nitrate ion to ammonium ion.

7. Which of the following is true of complex media?

(A) Bacteria grow faster on them than on synthetic media.

(B) All the chemical components and their concentrations are known.

(C)Complex media are the most difficult of all to prepare.

(D)Complex media can help determine the metabolic capacity of an organism.

(E) They are also called minimal media.

8. Which of the following types of growth media contains blood?

(A) minimal media (B) complex media

(C)defined media (D)enriched media

(E) selective media

9. The bile salts and crystal violet in MacConkey lactose plates prevent the growth of Gram-positives. These additives make the MacConkey plate a

(A) complex medium. (B) defined medium.

(C)minimal medium. (D)selective medium.

(E) differential medium.

10. You discover a new bacterial efflux pump that moves an uncharged toxin out of the cell using the proton motive force as the energy source. This new transporter can be classified as an

(A) electrogenic antiporter (B) electrogenic symporter

(C)electroneutral antiporter (D)electroneutral symporter

(E) none of the above

11. Which of the following involves nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor?

(A) photosynthesis (B) aerobic respiration

(C)fermentation (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) glycolysis

12. Which of the following is least likely to use glucose (an organic molecule) as a source of electrons?

(A) lithotrophy (B) organotrophy

(C)aerobic respiration (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) heterotrophy

17. Which of the following nutrient uptake systems does not require cellular energy?

(A) facilitated diffusion (B) coupled transport

(C)ABC transporters (D)group translocation

(E) All of the above require energy expenditure by the cell

18. What is the energy source for ABC transporters?

(A) proton motive force (B) NADH

(C)phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (D)ATP

(E) No energy is required for ABC transport.

19. Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

(A) They only contain a single species of bacteria.

(B) Biofilms can form on a range of biotic or abiotic surfaces.

(C)Cells in a biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm.

(D)Biofilms are composed of a single monolayer of EPS.

(E) Biofilms are not found in or on the human body.

20. The heterocyst cells of cyanobacteria are specialized for

(A) photosynthesis (B) gliding motility

(C)nitrogen fixation (D)carbon fixation

(E) antibiotic production

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