Find two other fluids where their SG might be relevant anddescribe items listed for urineâs SG:

How SG of those fluids is measured.

The normal range of SG per fluid and what it means.

Whether SG of those fluids matters to any physiology orpathology.

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Irving HeathcoteLv2

29 Sep 2019

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I have recently peformed an ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay), but I still have some questions, let me first outline whatI did:

We had a number (20) of tubes containing fake 'bodily fluids' ,namely saliva. One of these tubes contained the Epstein-Barr virus,which on its turn causes Pfeiffer's disease, aka the 'kissingdisease' (so we basically conducted an experiment to see how fastthe virus would spread within a class if everybody started kissingeach other, if you don't mind the crudity).
Everybody mixed their saliva with the saliva of 3 other people,so at the end everybody had a tube with the saliva of 4 differentpeople in it.
Since we worked in pairs of 2, every duo got a microtiter platewith 12 wells in it: 3 wells for a positive control, 3 wells for anegative control, 3 wells for the fluids of 1 of the duo and 3wells for the fluids of the other one. You pippete in (is thatcorrect?) the fluids accordingly.
After a while you rinse and clean the wells with washbuffer.
Then you pippete in the primary antibody in each well.
After a while you rinse and clean the wells with washbuffer.
Following this you pippete in the secondary antibody (conjugatedwith the enzyme HRP).
After a while you rinse and clean the wells with washbuffer.
Finally, you add the enzyme substrate (TMB) to each well. Thiscauses a blue color if when in contact with HRP. The positivecontrols must come out blue, the negative must come out colorless,and the other wells can go either way, depending if you have thevirus.

I hope this is not to crudely explained, again. These are myquestions concerning the experiment:

What do the components of the acronym 'ELISA' actually standfor? Does immunosorbent refer to the binding of the antigens to thewells? My English isn't too good, and these acronyms andabbreviations often seem foreign to me (nevermind that they areforeign since I'm not English, you get the point I hope).
When you pippete in the saliva in the wells, what actuallysticks to the wells? All of the antigens in your saliva? Becauseit's hard to believe that they make special microtiter plates forevery single antigen seperately. I assume it is only the antigens,since the primary antibodies attach to the antigens only, so thereis no need for the microtiter plate itself to bind toantibodies.
How would we get the primary and secondary antibody? This is myassumption: The primary antibody we get is by injecting someantigens of the Epstein-Barr Virus into a human and then taking aserum. The secondary antibody could be gotten by injecting a randomhuman primary antibody into ANY animal, irrelevant which anyimal,and then taking a serum. After that you conjugate an enzyme to thesecondary antibody. Is this correct?

please answer the following five questions by typing, thanks.

1. Why is it necessary to subtract the background from all of your measurements before you use them in your analysis?

2. Name two other household radioactive products except( sodium- free substitute, ceramic glaze, bananas, Vaseline glass).

3. Letâs say you are a nurse working in the nuclear medicine division. One treatment for thyroid cancer is to have the patient consume a dose of iodine-131. Since I-131 has a half- life of 8 days, the patient must be housed in a lead- lined room and all bodily fluids collected until they are ready for release. How dangerous is I- 131? What precautions do you need to protect yourself while caring for the patient?

4. Standard Curves used to determine concentrations of materials (also called quantitative analysis. What are the two most common biological substances (DNA, fats, proteins, or sugars) that are measured using standard curves?

5. What happens to the radiation intensity of a radioactive source when the distance between the detector and the source is three times as great as the initial distance?

indigowildebeest330

Case-3: Patient History

P.W. is 23 years old. He was the victim of a hit-and-run auto-pedestrian accident and suffered multiple abrasions, a concussion, and a deep laceration of his left thigh. He was discovered approximately 2 hours after the incident and is now in the emergency department. P.W.âs vital signs and hematocrit suggest that he has had a blood loss of about 2500 ml. A urinary catheter is inserted to monitor urine output, and fluid resuscitation is initiated while his wounds are cleaned and sutured. The urine output is averaging 15 ml/hr, with a high urine osmolality and low urine sodium.

What type of renal failure is P.W. likely developing? (select all that apply)

Intrarenal acute renal failure

Prerenal acute renal failure

Postrenal acute renal failure

Chronic renal failure

Based on your answer for the previous question, what is the best therapy for preventing this from occurring? (select all that apply)

Adequate extracellular volume replacement with blood or isotonic fluids to ensure adequate circulating blood volume and perfusion pressure to the kidney is essential.

Antibiotic therapy should be administered immediately.

Restriction of fluid intake to prevent increase in circulating blood volume and perfusion pressure to the kidney is essential.

Dialysis should be initiated immediately.

In addition to urine output, what laboratory data should be monitored to assess changes in P.W.âs renal function? (select all that apply)

Serum BUN, creatinine, and potassium should be monitored. A decrease indicates decreased renal function.