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Genetic Recombination in Bacteria by Transduction For each of the following statements about bacterial genetic recombination by phage transduction, answer: "True" or "False".

1) In generalized transduction, the transducing phage carries a random piece of DNA from a donor host cell.

2) A phage that infects several species of bacteria might be able to transfer DNA from one to another.

3) A specialized transducing phage transfers specific host DNA sequences along with the phage DNA.

4) In recombination by transduction, the bacterial cell that donates the DNA is killed by a virus.

5) A phage is a bacterium that infects and takes over human cells.

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Nelly Stracke
Nelly StrackeLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. (2 pts) Which of the following mechanisms transfers DNA from only a very specific region of the chromosome?

a. conjugation

b. generalized transduction

c. specialized transduction

d. transformation

2. Given what you know about Horizontal gene transfer, why might all of the genes required for a useful but non-essential function (such as degradation of a man-made pollutant or pathogenicity genes) tend to cluster together in a chromosome?

3. You are using molecular systematics to study microbial evolution. Which genes might you use to determine whether gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria evolved first?

a. the gene for lipopolysaccharide

b. 16S rRNA gene

c. the gene for teichoic acids

d. the gene for the S-layer

4. Choose the process or entity responsible for a gene moving from one place to another in the genome.

a. conjugation

b. insertion sequences

c. specialized transduction

d. transformation

5. Which of the following differs between lytic and lysogenic phage?

a. Mutation can make lysogenic phage unable to replicate.

b. Lytic phage must attach to the outside of the cell.

c. Lysogenic phage can be vertically transmitted from one bacteria generation to the next, as the bacteria copies its genome during cell replication

d. Lytic phage lyse open the host cell.

1. Select all of the true statements regarding phageconversion.

-The incorporation of viral genesinto the host cell's DNA is an example of phage conversion.
-The expression of the incorporatedgenes and the resulting alteration of the bacterial phenotype is anexample of phage conversion.
-Cholera toxin genes have a viralorigin.
-The cholera toxin is produced bythe virus.

-The cholera toxin itself is transferred to Vibriocholerae by a virus.

2. Viruses grown in media with radioactive sulfur haveradioactive capsids. Why?

Nucleotides contain sulfur
Cysteine amino acids containsulfur
Capsid peptidoglycans containsulfur

Phospholipids contain sulfur

3. Integrase inhibitors work by:

Agglutinating the reversetranscriptase inhibitors
Preventing the incorporation of theviral DNA into the genome
Blocking the final viralassembly

Degrading the viral envelope

4. Once a prophage is formed, the viral genes are reproducedevery time the bacterium multiplies. The genes that encode thelytic cycle are held in check by a repressor protein. Stressinduces the formation of proteases that degrade the repressor. Howwould this affect the prophage?

Apoptosis would be induced.
The virus enters the lyticcycle.
The bacterial genome isdenatured.

The bacterium rejects the viral genes.

5. Can a virus be killed?

No, viruses are non-living andcannot die.
No, viruses are capable ofself-assembly and cannot be permanently killed.
Yes, separating the genes from thecapsid kills it.

Yes, destroying its genome kills it.

6. Which class of drugs would be effective against HIV but notagainst most other pathogenic viruses?

Translation inhibitors that stopassembly of viral proteins.
Nucleotide analogs that haltreplication.
Non-nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors that block reverse transcription.

Receptor antagonists that block viral entry.

7. An unscrupulous malcontent writes a computer program andembeds it in an e-mail that promises lucrative investmentopportunities. The e-mail is sent to thousands of anonymous users,when they open it the program copies itself into the computer'shard drive. The hard drive begins to fill up with copies of theprogram, once it is completely full the computer crashes. Match thecomponents of this story with the components of a viral lifecycle.

1. e-mail containing virus Virus
2. Innocent user Binding site onhostcell
3. User's hard drive andCPU Host cell'sribosomes
4. Program Uninfected host cell

8. Vaccines work by priming the immune system and inducing theformation of antibodies and memory cells. When the actual virusinfects the host the host's immune system recognizes it andresponds to it. Which feature of viruses helps them thwart thissystem?

The envelops prevents immune systemrecognition.
Autocatalytic proteins replicatewithout genetic material.
The high mutation rate of the viralgenome.
Integration of viral genescamouflages the virus.
Shedding the capsid inactivates theantibodies.

1. You have cloned a human gene along with its promoter and ribosome-binding site in a bacterial cloning vector and then introduced the recombinant plasmid into a bacterial host cell that supports the replication and segregation of the cloning vector. Unfortunately, even though you know the whole human gene sequence is present (by DNA hybridization); you cannot get expression of the gene. Which of the following is NOT a reason why there is no expression?

A. The vector cannot replicate

B. The human promoter is not recognized by the bacterial host cell

C. The ribosome-binding site is not recognized by the bacterial host cell

D. The human gene lacks introns, so it is not transcribed by the host bacterium

2. Restriction endonucleases are:

A. sequence-specific

B. able to recognize any 4-, 6-, or 8-base pair sequence

C. always able to produce single stranded tails

D. only able to cleave bacterial DNA

3. Which of the following is NOT a required characteristic of cloning vectors?

A. Genes for replication of vector DNA and segregation to progeny cells

B. Genes for selection of cells carrying the vector (e.g., antibiotic-resistance)

C. DNA sequence for the introduction of foreign DNA where the integrated DNA does not disable the vector

D. None of the above

4. A poly (T) primer is used to produce cDNA from mammalian mRNA. Which of the following would be used to produce cDNA from bacterial mRNA?

A. A poly (T) primer

B. A random DNA sequence primer

C. A poly (A) primer

D. A poly (GC) primer

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