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4.Describe how a vegetative cell, a heterocyst and an akinete are different. How are heterocysts modified to carry out nitrogen fixation? Why must heterocysts use only photosystem I?

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Hubert Koch
Hubert KochLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

1. Entamoeba Histolytica
How will you commit the crime (examples: seeding Clostridium spores in air conditioner, putting E.coli vegetative cells in a salad served at a wedding) and Why?

2. After the heat fixation step when preparing a bacterial smear:
a) Cell proteins coagulate
b) Bacterial cells are fixed to the slide
c) Most bacteria are killed
d) All of the above

3. What group of organisms are considered acid-fast?

4. What are 5 characteristics of bacterial colony morphologies?

Photosynthesis (Ch 8)

  • List the locations of the light reactions & the Calvincycle within the chloroplast and identify location on adiagram
  • Use the absorption spectrum of a pigment to identifywavelengths absorbed and reflected by that pigment
  • Describe the events of the light reactions including:
  • Excitation of electrons vs donation of electrons
  • Pathway of excited electrons through photosystem II, firstelectron transport chain, photosystem I and 2nd electrontransport chain
  • Sources of electrons in photosystems I and II
  • ATP production using energy from an electron transportchain
  • List the products of the light reactions
  • Explain the indirect role of light reactions vs direct role ofCalvin cycle reactions in sugar production
  • Describe Calvin cycle events
  • Carbon fixation
  • Regeneration of CO2 acceptor molecule (RuBP)
  • Explain the function of the Calvin cycle in plant cellularmetabolism
  • Compare & contrast electron transport and ATP synthesisbetween cellular respiration and photosynthesis

5. Some bacteria live in deep sea vents where no light penetrates, yet are still capable of producing their own reduced carbon (e.g. fixing carbon dioxide). These organisms are classified as

(A) photoheterotroph (B) photoautotroph

(C)chemoheterotroph (D)chemoautotroph

(E) organotroph

6. Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of

(A) ammonium ion to nitrogen gas. (B) nitrogen gas to ammonium ion.

(C)nitrate ion to nitrogen gas. (D)ammonium ion to nitrate ion.

(E) nitrate ion to ammonium ion.

7. Which of the following is true of complex media?

(A) Bacteria grow faster on them than on synthetic media.

(B) All the chemical components and their concentrations are known.

(C)Complex media are the most difficult of all to prepare.

(D)Complex media can help determine the metabolic capacity of an organism.

(E) They are also called minimal media.

8. Which of the following types of growth media contains blood?

(A) minimal media (B) complex media

(C)defined media (D)enriched media

(E) selective media

9. The bile salts and crystal violet in MacConkey lactose plates prevent the growth of Gram-positives. These additives make the MacConkey plate a

(A) complex medium. (B) defined medium.

(C)minimal medium. (D)selective medium.

(E) differential medium.

10. You discover a new bacterial efflux pump that moves an uncharged toxin out of the cell using the proton motive force as the energy source. This new transporter can be classified as an

(A) electrogenic antiporter (B) electrogenic symporter

(C)electroneutral antiporter (D)electroneutral symporter

(E) none of the above

11. Which of the following involves nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor?

(A) photosynthesis (B) aerobic respiration

(C)fermentation (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) glycolysis

12. Which of the following is least likely to use glucose (an organic molecule) as a source of electrons?

(A) lithotrophy (B) organotrophy

(C)aerobic respiration (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) heterotrophy

17. Which of the following nutrient uptake systems does not require cellular energy?

(A) facilitated diffusion (B) coupled transport

(C)ABC transporters (D)group translocation

(E) All of the above require energy expenditure by the cell

18. What is the energy source for ABC transporters?

(A) proton motive force (B) NADH

(C)phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (D)ATP

(E) No energy is required for ABC transport.

19. Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

(A) They only contain a single species of bacteria.

(B) Biofilms can form on a range of biotic or abiotic surfaces.

(C)Cells in a biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm.

(D)Biofilms are composed of a single monolayer of EPS.

(E) Biofilms are not found in or on the human body.

20. The heterocyst cells of cyanobacteria are specialized for

(A) photosynthesis (B) gliding motility

(C)nitrogen fixation (D)carbon fixation

(E) antibiotic production

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