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Write comprehensive notes on the following:

a) Purple non-sulphur bacteria
b) Pseudomonads
c) Biochemical pathway for the production of acetic acid by
Acetobacter aceti
d) IMViC reactions in identifying Enterobactericeae
e) Purple sulpher bacteria
f) Cynobacteria
g) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Elin Hessel
Elin HesselLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

1. All of the following characteristics of skin help make it a good defensive barrier against pathogenic microbes EXCEPT:

Springy elasticity

Saltiness due to production of sweat from sweat glands

Acidic pH due to oily compound (sebum) metabolism

Normal microflora of skin

Constant sloughing off of old dead epithelial skin cells

2. The majority of microorganisms comprising the normal microflora inhabiting the skin surface are:

Gram-positive fungi of the single-celled yeasts

Gram-positive bacteria of the Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Proprionibacterium genera

Gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family

Gram-negative bacteria of the Neisseria, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella genera

All of the above

3. The pus-producing skin infection (pyoderma) can be caused by:

Staphylococci

Streptococci

Corynebacteria

A combination of staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria

All of these

4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of impetigo?

Common in children

Can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

Is highly contagious

Can be caused by pseudomonads

5. Which of the following is NOT true about acne?

It is most commonly the result of male sex hormones that stimulate increased sebaceous gland growth and secretion of sebum.

Propionibacterium acnes in particular can turn a mild case of acne into a severe case by causing increased and widespread inflammation, tissue destruction, and scarring.

Common treatments are frequent cleansing of the skin and topical ointments that reduce the risk of infection.

Low doses of oral antibiotics are often prescribed to prevent bacterial infections of lesions and are without side effects.

In most cases, acne disappears or decreases in severity on its own as the body adjusts to the hormonal changes of puberty and sebaceous gland function stabilizes.

6. Which of the following often cause nosocomial infections in burn patients?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Serratia marcescens

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus aureus

b and c

7. Gas gangrene is most likely associated with infection with:

Staphylococcus aureus

Clostridium perfringenes

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

8. The leading cause of preventable blindness in the world is caused by:

Chlamydia trachomatis

Haemophilus influenzae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

9. Chickenpox is a disease of chickens and is caused by the poxvirus, cowpox is a disease of cattle, and smallpox is a human disease that commonly affects only children. True or false?

10. Antibiotic is used to treat the eyes of newborn infants when:

The mother has gonorrhea

The mother has genital herpes

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is isolated from the newborn's eyes

Always

The mother has a history of multiple sex partners

11. The virus used to immunize individuals against smallpox causes the disease:

Chickenpox

Measles

Cowpox

Molluscum contagiosum

Warts

12. Which of the following fungal diseases result from an opportunistic fungal infection?

Zygomycoses

Aspergillosis

Candidasis

All of the above

None of the above

13. Rheumatic fever is caused by which organism?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

Escherichia coli

Streptococcus pyogenes

14. Which of the following components of the respiratory system is normally free of microorganisms?

Lungs

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

15. Which of the following is true about diphtheria?

It is caused by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infected with a prophage that carries an exotoxin-producing gene.

A pseudomembrane composed of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cells, damaged epithelial cells, fibrin, and blood cells forms that can block the airway and cause suffocation.

The exotoxin spreads throughout the body damaging multiple organ system by interfering with cellular protein synthesis.

It can be prevented with DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine and treated with both antitoxin and antibiotics.

All of the above are true.

9. An oxidase-positive, wrinkled, non-lactose fermenting colony is suspicious for

a. the organism that causes glanders.

b. an individual with cystic fibrosis.

c. a potential bioterrorism agent.

d. a common antibiotic-resistant nosocomial organism.

10. The isolation of an extremely mucoid, oxidase-positive, non-lactose fermenter from the lower respiratory tract usually correlates with the clinical diagnosis of

a. melioidosis.

b. nothing—it is an environmental contaminant.

c. glanders.

d. cystic fibrosis.

11. Which of the following gram-negative rods is associated with individuals who have cystic fibrosis?

a. An oxidase-positive, pyocyanin-producing, non-lactose fermenter.

b. An oxidase-negative, nonmotile, non-lactose fermenter that is K/NC on TSI.

c. An oxidase-positive, lysine-positive, non-lactose fermenter.

d. a and c.

e. All of the above.

12. Two blood cultures of a premature infant grow a yellow-pigmented colony that is a non-lactose fermenter. The colony provides the following reactions:

Oxidase: purple Indole: pink Motility: negative

The organism is probably

a. Burkholderia cepacia complex.

b. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

c. Elizabethkingia meningosepticum.

d. none of the above.

13. An anemic patient received a unit of blood. She develops fever and chills after infusion of the unit. Blood cultures of the patient and a sample of the blood unit grow the same organism. The non-lactose fermenter isolated displays the following reactions:

Oxidase: purple Growth at 42°C: negative Colony under UV light: yellow Arginine: purple Motility: positive Gelatin hydrolysis: liquified Acetamide: no color change Nitrate after addition of zinc: red

The organism is

a. Pseudomonas. putida

b. P. fluorescens.

c. P. aeruginosa.

d. P. stutzeri.

14. Which of the following oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-fermenting, gram-negative rods can mimic a late lactose fermenter due to the oxidation of lactose rather than fermentation?

a. Acinetobacter baumannii

b. Burkholderia cepacia complex

c. Achromobacter xylosoxidans

d. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

15. A physician calls the microbiology department for the results of a lower respiratory culture of a 15-year-old female with cystic fibrosis. The culture grows an oxidase-negative, motile, lysine-positive, non-lactose fermenter that presents as K/NC on TSI and an oxidase-positive, lysine-positive, non-lactose fermenter. Based on these results, you tell the physician she can potentially treat both organisms with

a. imipenem.

b. an aminoglycoside.

c. polymyxin B.

d. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

16. An oxidase-negative, non-motile, non-lactose fermenter demonstrates K/NC on TSI and is considered a significant nosocomial pathogen due to its multiresistance. Which of the following antibiotics remains a viable treatment option for this organism?

a. Imipenem

b. Piperacillin/tazobactam

c. Aztreonam

d. Ciprofloxacin

17. A tracheal aspirate, obtained from a comatose patient on a ventilator, grew an oxidase-positive non-lactose fermenter that produced a distinctive odor of sliced apples. It proved to be:

Motile: positive Nitrate: red after addition of reagents A, B, and zinc OF medium: open tubes: glucose: blue, maltose: blue, lactose: blue, sucrose: blue

closed tubes: glucose: green, maltose: green, lactose: green, sucrose: green

This organism is

a. Acinetobacter baumannii.

b. Alcaligenes faecalis.

c. Moraxella nonliquefaciens.

d. Elizabethkingia meningosepticum.

Bacterial Toxins
MATCH the names of the bacterial toxins to thedescriptions.

A hemolysin
B streptokinase
C anthrax edema toxin
D tetanus toxin
E cholera toxin
F diphtheria toxin
G botulinum toxin
H coagulase


A B C D E F G H Made by Gram positive,endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that can infect the lungs,this toxin causes the lungs to fill with fluid.
A B C D E F G H Made by Gram negative bacteria that areshaped like slightly bent rods, this toxin causes fluid to flowinto the large intestines resulting in severe diarrhea.
A B C D E F G H Made by Gram positive cocci, this toxincauses clotting of the blood plasma.
A B C D E F G H Made by Gram positive, non-sporeformingrod-shaped bacteria that infect the throat, this toxin can enterhost cells and inactivate the 80S ribosomes.

The answer for CEAF is wrong

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