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Why would an individual with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity get hoarse and why would that person wheeze? What is the basis of the wheal-and-flare reaction that appeared 20 minutes after having had a skin test for hypersensitivity to. e.g., ragweed pollen?

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Collen Von
Collen VonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Which best describes the term "immunological disorder"?
a. An exaggerated or inadequate immune response.
b. A disorder that destroys the immune system.
c. Any genetic disease.
d. A complete lack of immune function.
e. Immune problems that cause disease but cannot be detected.

2. How would an immune deficient person react to the introduction of an antigen to their bodies, assuming the cause of the deficiency was genetic?
a. Inadequate immune response due to primary immunodeficiency.
b. Inadequate immune response due to secondary immunodeficiency.
c. Excessive immune response due to primary immunodeficiency.
d. Excessive immune response due to secondary immunodeficiency.

3. An ordinarily innocuous substance that can trigger a harmful immunological response in a sensitized person.
a. Autoimmune substance
b. Antibody
c. Allergen
d. Transfusion
e. Wheal

4. Which is the best example of an Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity?
a. Clumping of red blood cells
b. Generalized inflammation
c. DiGeorge Syndrome
d. Airway restriction
e. Arthus reaction

5. Which of these is the first action that takes place during an Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity reaction?
a. Production of plasma cells
b. IgE attachment to mast cells and basophils
c. Activation of B cells
d. Production of IgE antibodies
e. Degranulation

6. A patient has signs of allergy following a blood transfusion. Which of these hypersensitivities is being displayed?
a. Immediate (Type I)
b. Cytotoxic (Type II)
c. Immune complex (Type III)
d. Cell-mediated (Type IV)
e. Localized

7. Which of these mechanisms is NOT involved in the mechanism of Type II hypersensitivities?
a. Opsonization of cellular antigens
b. Mediation by IgG and IgM
c. Destruction of invading cells
d. Complement
e. Prostaglandin and histamine release

8. How is hemolytic disease of the unborn prevented?
a. Treatment of the infant with steroids.
b. Antihistamine administration to both mother and infant.
c. Administration of serum tests to the infant and careful monitoring.
d. Injection of the mother with anti-Rh IgG antibodies.
e. All of these choices.

9. Immune complex (Type III) hypersensitivity results from the formation of:
a. soluble/particulate antigen-complement complexes.
b. cellular antigen-antigen complexes.
c. soluble/particulate antibody-antibody complexes.
d. cellular antibody-antibody complexes.
e. soluble/particulate antigen-antibody complexes.

10. A local immune response to an antigenic substance (usually injected) that causes edema and hemorrhage is known as _____.
a. serum sickness
b. Arthus reaction
c. hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. hemolytic uremic syndrome
e. generalized anaphylaxis

11. One form of Cell-Mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity that involves phagocytes capturing but failing to kill pathogens, so a mass of cells forms around the pathogens, is:
a. Atopy
b. Tuberculin hypersensitivity
c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
d. Granulomatous hypersensitivity
e. Serum sickness

12. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity is often referred to as a "delayed" hypersensitivity because reactions may take _____ to develop.
a. less than one hour
b. 1-2 hours
c. at least 12 hours
d. 1-2 weeks
e. a month or more

13. Which of these takes place during a Cell-Mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction?
a. Release of cytokines.
b. IgE attachment to mast cells and basophils.
c. Release of histamine and heparin.
d. Activation of complement.
e. Activation of B cells.

14. This type of disorder arises from a hypersensitivity to self antigenson cells and in tissues.
a. Immunodeficiency
b. Autoimmune
c. Anaphylactic
d. Granulomatous
e. Desensitization

15. This occurs when the immune system responds to a body component as if it were foreign.
a. Immunodeficiency
b. Transplantation
c. Antigenic mimicry
d. Autoimmunization
e. Allergic reaction

16. Which of the following would be considered an organ-specific autoimmune disorder?
a. Osteoarthritis
b. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
c. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. Rheumatic fever
e. DiGeorge Syndrome

17. Under which circumstances is an organ transplant most likely to succeed?
a. If recipient T cells become sensitized to the graft.
b. If patient complement binds to graft cells.
c. If immunosupression therapy is avoided.
d. If the graft has the same histocompatibility antigens as the recipient.
e. If plasma cells proliferate in response to the graft.?

18. Which of the following would be typical of a Type IV sensitivity to a drug?
a. A nurse develops contact dermatitis from frequent contact with Betadine.
b. A patient has a generalized anaphylaxis to intravenous Rocephin.
c. IgG and IgM are produced in a patient due to administration of sulfonamides.
d. Serum sickness develops after a patient has multiple exposures to penicillin.

19. A 40 year old patient examined in an emergency department presents with fatigue, wasting, and diarrhea. Tests show a very low helper T cell level, and an endoscopy shows loss of Peyer’s patches in the colon. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Chronic Epstein-Barre infection
b. DiGeorge Syndrome
c. Agammaglobinemia
d. HIV/AIDS
e. Guillian-Barre Syndrome

20. This test, often coupled with a Western blot, utilizes enzymes that produce a colored compound if the antigen or antibody of interest is present.
a. Complement fixation test
b. Immunoelectrophoresis
c. Precipitin test
d. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
e. Immunofluorescence

There are many symptoms surrounding allergic reactions and occasionally, some conditions may include an accompanying fever!

How might you go about treating immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity?

When a person has hayfever, some common symptoms are runny nose, weeping eyes, difficulties in breathing, etc. (a) Why does this happen? (b)Antihistamines are often given as treatment: what is their mechanism of action? (c) Describe how allergy shots might lessen the effects of type I hypersensitivity?

Explain how monoclonal antibodies against IgE might help those that suffer from

allergies.

How would you test the relative importance of genetic influence on development

of allergies compared with environmental influences on the development of allergy?

List 3 specific inflammatory mediators (chemicals) involved in Type I hypersensitive reactions and briefly describe their effect.

In the year 1900, the incident of allergy was about 1-2%. Today, it is almost 30%. Why

has the prevalence of allergies in the population increased?

The First Time’s Not the Problem Steven, an eight-year old boy, is brought to your office Monday morning by his father to have his upper arm checked for a possible infection. Dad is worried because the area of a bee sting on the boy’s arm is getting more red, itchy, and tender. The father gave him some children’s acetaminophen yesterday, which relieved the discomfort somewhat. There is no history of medical problems or allergies, and the child takes no regular medication. The child is otherwise feeling well, and his father tells you he is playing and eating normally. There is no previous history of bee stings, and Steven proudly tells you he “hardly even cried” when he got stung. There is a half-dollar-sized area on his left upper arm that is puffy and red, but there is no streaking or drainage, and the area does not appear to be infected. Steven’s temperature is normal, and his lungs are clear.

Part A

How should you describe this skin reaction to the bee sting? How should you describe this skin reaction to the bee sting?

a. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

b. Type II hypersensitivity reaction

c. Type III hypersensitivity reaction

d. Type I hypersensitivity reaction

Part Part B

Why did the skin turn red and swell up?

a. Redness and swelling are due to the release of antihistamine during degranulation of mast cells and basophils.

b. Redness and swelling are due to the release of histamine during degranulation of mast cells and basophils.

c. Redness and swelling are due to the release of IgG from plasma cells.

d. Redness and swelling are due to the release of IgE from mast cells.

Part Part C

What is urticaria?

a. purpura

b. hives

c. hemolysis

d. anaphylaxis

Part Part D

Which of the following OTC medications would provide the best relief of symptoms?

a. antihistamines

b. aspirin

c. antibiotics

d. acetaminophen

Part E

This child has had a moderate reaction to his “first” bee sting. If he were to be stung again, the signs/symptoms could be severe and life-threatening due to constriction of airways. What is this systemic reaction called and what would be the treatment of choice?

a. hemolysis; blood transfusions

b. delayed hypersensitivity; acetaminophen

c. purpura; calamine lotion

d. anaphylaxis; epinephrine

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