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4 Jul 2018

Which of the following is a viral disease that has most of its effects in and around the oral cavity?


Trench mouth


Gingivitis


Hepatitis


Mumps


Thrush

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Bunny Greenfelder
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5 Jul 2018

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Related questions

Provides substantial and thoughtful response, reflection – in-depth and detailed for the following post. Please don't copy past from the web

Mumps was common in World War I many troop members caught this infectious disease which leads them to hospitalization. It is also important to remember that even those who are vaccinated are still at risk for developing mumps. Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease that has continued to spread globally. This viral infection affects the parotid glands which produces saliva and are located below and in front of your ears. If you or your child develops Mumps, it can cause swelling of one or both parotid glands. Mumps outbreaks were extremely common in the United States until vaccination became routine. Since then the number of cases has dropped significantly in the United States but is still a problem in other regions of the world.

Mumps is rarely life threatening illness, but it can cause a serious discomfort in those infected. The swelling of the parotid gland lasts over a week, and it can affect feeling in the jaw. Orchitis, or inflammation of one or both testicles, is commonly seen in male patients who have reached puberty but rarely causes sterility. Low-grade fevers, headaches, and general malaise are common complaints, with a small percentage of patients displaying symptoms of viral meningitis. Rare cases of mumps can cause infection of the brain, and inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord. Other complications also include arthritis, kidney and pancreases problems, deafness, and inflammation of the ovaries.

Although there is no specific treatment for mumps, it can be prevented with the vaccine. The vaccine after exposure has not been found to be protective. However, only 120 countries have the vaccine for Mumps, and that leaves countries without it suffering and could lead to serious health problems. One country that does not have this vaccine is India, and there has been a rapid growth in Mumps over the years, and it is mainly affecting children. Mumps outbreaks or sporadic cases have been periodically reported from the States of Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. India is very limited on information and data regarding mumps. The cost of the vaccine for India would offset the burden of this infectious disease.

China is one country that has a vaccination for mumps this came out in 2008 since then mumps have decreased. Except 2013-2015 a natural epidemic pattern of mumps has slightly changed making the vaccine less affective than before. During this period studies showed that mumps had decreased among teens/children and had increased in adults. These recent outbreaks have caused wide concerns regarding the vaccine and how affective it is.

In conclusion, mumps is a disease that has been around for decades. It also has the potential to have sporadic outbreaks, and it mainly affects children. In the emerging world, not all vaccines work because our bodies get used to the disease and also it can change naturally during the time. With the progression of modern technology, we can only hope that we find a way to prevent mumps altogether. Mumps is not the most serious disease, but it can cause pain and has the potential to be extremely dangerous.

Citations:

Burnett, M. (2017). An ongoing series.

Paul, S. (2017). Investigating Mumps Outbreak in Odisha, India: An Opportunity to Assess the Health System by Utilizing the Essential Public Health Services Framework.

A. C. (2017). Mumps Epidemiology and Mumps Virus Genotypes Circulating in Mainland China during 2013-2015.

42. Which of the following bacteria that may cause meningitis is Gram-positive and therefore does not cause endotoxin shock in infected individuals?

Escherichia coli

Neisseria meningitidis

Listeria monocytogenes

Haemophilus influenzae type B

None of these

43. Viral meningitis is usually always fatal if untreated, unlike bacterial meningitis, which is always self-limiting and nonfatal. True or false?

44. Which of the following is acid-fast and causes Hansen's disease?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Clostridium tetani

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae

Mycobacterium leprae

45. An immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) has replaced the older test for the presence of inclusions in neurons (Negri bodies) for the detection of infections caused by:

Neisseria meningitidis

Enteroviruses

Mumps virus

Rabies virus

Haemophilus influenza

46. The viruses that cause encephalitis are most likely to be:

Togaviruses

Enteroviruses

Mumps virus

Rabies virus

Hepatitis viruses

47. The only bacterium known to damage peripheral nerves is:

Naegleria fowleri

Mycobacterium leprae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae

48. The endospores of this organism are the most heat-resistant known; it is:

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Mycobacterium leprae

Streptococcus thermicos

Listeria monocytogenes

49. All of the following are true about poliomyelitis EXCEPT:

Most poliovirus infections are inapparent or mild and nonparalytic.

Polio can be caused by three strains of picornaviruses.

The Salk vaccine contains live, attenuated polioviruses while the Sabin vaccine contains formalin-inactivated polioviruses.

Transmission is by the fecal-oral route and pharyngeal secretions.

Poliomyelitis has afflicted man for thousands of years.

50. Which of the following stains is used frequently to identify Mycobacterium and other bacteria whose cell walls contain high amounts of lipids?

Gram stain

Schaeffer-Fulton stain

Acid-fast stain

Lipidialar stain

Spore stain

Write a paragraph of 3-5 sentences describing 1) whether the statement is correct or incorrect and 2) the reasoning for your answer. Your answer should demonstrate your understanding of the physiological concepts underlying the statement and be written professionally.

Because salivary amylase is secreted into the oral cavity, there is a large amount of chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.

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