Case-1: Patient History
J.H. is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed several months ago with nephrosis following postinfectious glomerulonephritis secondary to an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia. He has been coming to the clinic to have his condition monitored and therapies adjusted as needed. At his latest clinic visit, a decrease in urine output, increasing lethargy, hyperventilation, and generalized edema are noted. Trace amounts of protein are detected in J.H.âs urine by dipstick. Blood is drawn for laboratory analysis, and the results are as follows:
pH = 7.36
PaCO2 = 33 mm Hg
PaO2 = 100 mm Hg
HCO3 â = 18 mEq/L
Hct = 30%
Na+ = 130 mEq/L
K+ = 5.4 mEq/L
BUN = 58 mg/dl
creatinine = 3.9 mg/dl
albumin = 2.0 g/dl
Analyze this case study and answer the next four questions that follow.
Case-1: Question-1
Pneumococcal infection can lead to glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is true of postinfectious glomerulonephritis? (select all that apply)
A) Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is the result of an immune complex reaction.
B) The antibodies made against the bacteria bind to bacterial antigens and then precipitate out into capillary beds of the glomeruli.
C) The inflammation that follows the immune reaction injures the glomerular basement membranes and reduces capillary flow. The resulting decrease in GFR and increase in membrane permeability are responsible for the manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis.
D) The bacterial toxins lead to cellular necrosis and glomerular dysfunction.
Case-1: Patient History
J.H. is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed several months ago with nephrosis following postinfectious glomerulonephritis secondary to an episode of pneumococcal pneumonia. He has been coming to the clinic to have his condition monitored and therapies adjusted as needed. At his latest clinic visit, a decrease in urine output, increasing lethargy, hyperventilation, and generalized edema are noted. Trace amounts of protein are detected in J.H.âs urine by dipstick. Blood is drawn for laboratory analysis, and the results are as follows:
pH = 7.36
PaCO2 = 33 mm Hg
PaO2 = 100 mm Hg
HCO3 â = 18 mEq/L
Hct = 30%
Na+ = 130 mEq/L
K+ = 5.4 mEq/L
BUN = 58 mg/dl
creatinine = 3.9 mg/dl
albumin = 2.0 g/dl
Analyze this case study and answer the next four questions that follow.
Case-1: Question-1
Pneumococcal infection can lead to glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is true of postinfectious glomerulonephritis? (select all that apply)
| A) Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is the result of an immune complex reaction. |
| B) The antibodies made against the bacteria bind to bacterial antigens and then precipitate out into capillary beds of the glomeruli. |
| C) The inflammation that follows the immune reaction injures the glomerular basement membranes and reduces capillary flow. The resulting decrease in GFR and increase in membrane permeability are responsible for the manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis. |
| D) The bacterial toxins lead to cellular necrosis and glomerular dysfunction. |
