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The shape of the long-run cost curve is determined by economies and diseconomies of scale. Contrast this curve with the short-run cost curve as it relates to increasing and diminishing marginal returns to labor.


Describe an industry that would meet the conditions of a perfectly competitive industry and how the individual firms would respond to an increase in the market demand for the product.


When developing short-run cost curves, it is assumed that all firms in the perfect competition have the same cost curves and they all make identical short-run profits or losses. Contrast this to the real world and why individual firms might experience different cost curves and different profits.






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Darryn D'Souza
Darryn D'SouzaLv10
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

If an industry has no barriers to entry, no product promotion strategy, a standardized product type, and a very large number of firms operating within it, the industry can be said to have

Select one:

a. a monopoly market structure.

b. perfect competition.

c. differentiated market.

d. monopolistic competition.

e. an oligopoly market structure.

The long-run average-cost curve

Select one:

a. connects the minimum points of all the short-run average-total-cost curves.

b. connects the maximum points of all the short-run average-total-cost curves.

c. connects minimum points on the short-run total-cost curves.

d. indicates the most efficient scale of operation for a given level of output.

e. is the most efficient scale of operation.

Consider a market with many firms that have different cost structures.

Unless shutdown or exit is optimal, every firm expands production until ___________.

A.

marginal product is maximized.

B. marginal revenue, marginal cost, and price are all equal

(MR = MC = P)

C. marginal revenue is equal to the minimum of the short-run average total cost.

D. marginal cost is minimized.

To construct the supply curve in a market with many firms with different cost structures, the ___________.

A.

individual supply curves for each firm are added together.

B.

individual average variable cost curves are added together.

C.

minimums of the​ firms' marginal cost curves are linked together.

D.

minimums of the​ firms' long-run average total cost curves are linked together.

The equilibrium price is the ___________.

A.

​long-run average total cost of the last entrant into the market.

B.

the average marginal cost of the firms.

C.

the long-run average total cost of the first entrant into the market.

D.

minimum of the average variable cost of the smallest firm in the market.

In terms of economic profits, early market entrants earn

(negative

zero

positive)

economic profits and the last entrant earns

(negative

zero

positive)

economic profits.

A perfectly competitive firm will choose to shut down when the (price (marginal revenue)/ average total cost) intersects the marginal cost curve below the ( total cost curve average variable cost curve ).

Therefore, the short-run supply curve for a perfectly competitive firm is represented by __________.

A. the portion of the average variable cost curve below marginal cost. B. the portion of the average variable cost curve above marginal cost. C. the portion of the marginal cost curve above the average total cost. D. the portion of the marginal cost curve above average variable cost.

In the long run, the supply curve for a perfectly competitive firm is represented by __________.

A. the portion of the marginal cost curve above the average total cost. B. the portion of the marginal cost curve above average variable cost. C. the portion of the average variable cost curve below marginal cost. D. the portion of the average variable cost curve above marginal cost.

Q8. To arrive at a logical determination of a firm's optimum output, economists assume that the firm seeks to
a. maximize output
b. minimize cost
c. maximize profit or minimize loss
d. maximize price

Q9. So long as marginal cost is rising, average variable cost must rise.
a. true
b. false

Q10. As output increases, marginal cost increases, reaches a maximum, and then falls.
a. true
b. false

Q11. Which of the following is the best example of variable cost?
a. depreciation on a building
b. property taxes
c. wages
d. rent paid for one's building

Q12. If the AVC is $12, the AFC is $4, the AR is $20, and output is 6,000 units, the total profit is
a. $72,000
b. $48,000
c. $24,000
d. negative $96,000

Q13. Under perfect competition, if a firm is suffering a loss,
a. MR exceeds ATC
b. AR equals AVC
c. AR equals ATC
d. AR is less than ATC

Q14. Elaine's firm is in a perfectly competitive industry. Why doesn't Elaine try to sell more of her product by lowering its price below the market price?
a. her demand curve is not elastic
b. doing so would be considered unethical price chiseling
c. her competitors would not allow it
d. she can sell all she wants at the market price

Q15. In the long run, perfect competition results in firms producing
a. at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves, which indicates allocative efficiency
b. where price equals marginal cost, which indicates economic efficiency
c. where price equals marginal cost, which indicates the optimal scale of operation
d. at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves, which indicates economic efficiency

Q16. On a graph of average cost curves, the space between ATC and AVC represents AFC.
a. true
b. false

Q18. If MC equals MR at a point greater than ATC, the perfectly competitive firm will
a. sustain a loss
b. shut down
c. make an economic profit
d. expand output

Q19. Since all producers have the same average revenue under conditions of perfect competition, they all have the same profits in the short run.
a. true
b. false

Q20. If the entry of new firms in a perfectly competitive industry substantially increases the market demand for resources,
a. this reduces the market price of resources
b. this raises the market price of resources
c. the market price of resources does not change
d. this lowers the ATC curves of individual firms

Q22. Under conditions of perfect competition, profits exist whenever AR is above AVC at equilibrium output.
a. true
b. false

Q23. Under perfect competition, market price is determined by market demand and supply.
a. true
b. false

Q24. If one firm in a perfectly competitive industry is somehow able to produce at a lower cost than competing firms in the short run,
a. the competing firms will adopt similar production techniques in the long run
b. the more efficient firm will earn higher profits than the competing firms in the long run
c. the competing firms will earn higher profits than the more efficient firm in the short run
d. the competing firms will go out of business in the long run

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