BYOB is a monopolist in beer production and distribution in the imaginary economy of Hopsville. Suppose that BYOB cannot price discriminate; that is, it sells its beer at the same price per can to all customers. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), marginal revenue (MR), average total cost (ATC), and demand (D) for beer in this market.
Suppose that BYOB charges $2.50 per can. Your friend Bob says that since BYOB is a monopoly with market power, it should charge a higher price of $3.00 per can because this will increase BYOB's profit.
A. Complete the following table to determine whether Bob is correct.
Price
(Dollar per can)
Quantity Demanded
(Cans)
Total Revenue
(Dollars)
Total Cost
(Dollars)
Profits
(Dollars)
2.50
3.00
B. Given the earlier information, Antonio ___________ (is/is not) correct in his assertion that BYOB should charge $3.00 per can.
Suppose that a technological innovation decreases BYOB's costs so that it now faces the marginal cost (MC) and average total cost (ATC) given on the following graph. Specifically, technological innovation causes a decrease in average fixed costs, thereby lowering the ATC curve and moving the MC curve.
C. Complete the following table to determine whether Bob is correct.
Price
(Dollar per can)
Quantity Demanded
(Cans)
Total Revenue
(Dollars)
Total Cost
(Dollars)
Profits
(Dollars)
2.50
3.00
D. Given the earlier information, Antonio ___________ (is/is not) correct in his assertion that BYOB should charge $3.00 per can.
Suppose Antonio and Caroline form a cartel and behave as a monopolist. The profit-maximizing price is (1) $______ per gallon, and the total output is (2) ___ gallons.
As part of their cartel agreement, Antonio and Caroline agree to split production equally. Therefore, Antonio's profit is (3) $____, and Caroline's profit is (4) $_____.
Suppose that Antonio and Caroline have been successfully operating as a cartel. They each charge the monopoly price and sell half of the monopoly quantity. Then one night before going to sleep, Antonio says to himself, "Caroline and I aren't the best of friends anyway. If I increase my production to 35 gallons more than the cartel amount, I can increase my profit even though her profit goes down. I will do that starting tomorrow."
After Antonio implements his new plan, the price of water (5) (increases/decreases) to (6) $____per gallon. Given Caroline and Antonio's production levels, Antonio's profit becomes (7) $____ and Caroline's profit becomes (8) $______.
Because Antonio has deviated from the cartel agreement and increased his output of water to 35 gallons more than the cartel amount, Caroline decides that she will also increase her production to 35 gallons more than the cartel amount.
After Caroline increases her production, Antonio's profit becomes (9) $_____, Caroline's profit becomes (10) $_____ and total profit (the sum of the profits of Antonio and Caroline) is now (11) $_____
(12) True or False: Based on the fact that both Antonio and Caroline increased production from the initial cartel quantity, you know that the output effect was smaller than the price effect at that quantity.
Note that Antonio and Caroline started by behaving cooperatively. However, once Antonio decided to cheat, Caroline decided to cheat as well. In other words, Caroline's output decisions are based on Antonio's actions.
(13) This behavior is an example of (tying/ a dominant strategy/ a tit-for-tat strategy/ a prisoners' dilemma).
