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In DNA replication, ________ is read and copied. In transcription, _______ is read and copied, while ________ is not copied but has the same sequence as the synthesized RNA transcript except U instead of having T. In translation, _______ from mRNA determines a specific amino acid during protein synthesis, while _______ from tRNA has a complimentary sequence _______ to and brings the specific amino acid decided by __________ . What are A, B, C, D, E, F, AND G? The choice can be used more than one time. Choose one from (DNA template, coding strand, codon, anti-codon).

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Related questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

BIOCHEM QUESTIONS:

Question 1) (1.5 points) True or false: The initial native DNA is usually in an overwound state, making the initial strand separation during replication energetically favorable, with continued strand separation at the replication fork resulting in underwound DNA that is then fixed by DNA gyrase.

Question 2) (1.5 points) True or false: UV based DNA damage largely causes dimerization of C and T bases that are fixed by the NER DNA repair pathway.

Question 3) (1.5 points) True or false: There is no enzyme within humans that has a reverse transcriptase activity.

Question 4) (1.5 points) True or false: One reason why uracil is not observed in DNA is that deamination of cytosine would result in Uracil and therefore potentially changing a GC base bp to an AT bp after a couple of rounds of replication.

Question #5: (1 point) Which of these statements is correct about the RNA polymerase? a) It makes tRNA, mRNA and rRNA b) It uses an RNA template c) It uses ATP, CTP, GTP and TTP d) It requires a primer

Question #6: (1 point) RNA polymerase grows the RNA chain in the 3’ to 5’ direction. a) True b) False

Question #7: (1 point) The mRNA is copied from the template strand. The mRNA has the exact same nucleotide sequence of the non-template strand except for U instead of T. a) True b) False

Question #8: (1 point) Only a limited portion of the DNA strand is copied by RNA polymerase, and there are initiation and termination signals for transcription. a) True b) False

Question #9: (1 point) The hairpin loop is the only way to conduct transcription termination in Prokaryotes. a) True b) False

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

the translation of codons according to the genetic code

the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome

complementary base pairing between RNA molecules

amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide

reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

the location of the enhancer relative to the gene

the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA

the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA

the start codon in the mRNA

the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene

changing one amino acid in a protein

creating a stop codon

eliminating a start codon

changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated

it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid

300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"

only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated

large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

no, because it is not a big enough change to count

yes, because new mutations are always adaptive

yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population

no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter

no, because most mutations are not adaptive

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