MLL214 Final: 10 Participatory Liability

• School: Deakin University
• Department: Business and Law
• Course: MLL214
• Professor: Brienna Bagaric

Document Summary

Principal offender: the person who commits the actual offence. Accessory: the person who assists or encourages the commission of the offence. Terminology concerning participation in crime at common law. Principals in the second degree: accessory before the fact/principals in the 3rd degree, accessory after the fact. Ma(cid:374)(cid:455) of the older ter(cid:373)s are (cid:374)o(cid:449) o(cid:271)solete i(cid:374) australia(cid:374) (cid:272)ri(cid:373)i(cid:374)al la(cid:449) e(cid:454)(cid:272)ept i(cid:374) n w. Aider: one who helps, supports or assists the principal offender (thambiah v the queen [1966] ac 37) Aid can be understood as help and assistance (attorney-general"s reference (no 1 of 1975)) Abettor: a person who incites or encourages the principal offender (wilcox v jeffery [1951] 1 all er 464) Encouragement, generally during the crime (attorney-general"s reference (no 1 of 1975)) Counsellor: one who advises or encourages the principal offender prior to the offence (r v calhaem [1985] qb 808) Encouragement, generally before the crime (attorney-general"s reference (no 1 of 1975))