PHED-1507EL Study Guide - Final Guide: Sternal Angle, Weight-Bearing, Thoracic Cavity
12 Sep 2018
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Document Summary
Describe the five regions of the vertebral column. Sacrum: 1 bone formed from several fused together. Coccyx: also fused bones that form terminus of column. Name and describe the ligaments of the spine. Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments: continuous bands from neck to sacrum that run down front and back of spine; support and prevent hyperextension and hyperflexion. Short ligaments: connect each vertebra to those above and below. Cushion-like pad sandwiched between vertebrae that act as shock absorbers. Nucleus pulposus: inner gelatinous nucleus, gives discs its elasticity and compressibility. Anulus fibrosus: outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage; limits expansion of nucleus pulosus when compressed. Pedicles: short pillars form sides of arch. Vertebral foramen: enclosure formed by body and vertebral arch coming together. Intervertebral foramina: lateral openings between vertebrae for passage of spinal nerves. Anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses. Superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with occipital condyles. Has body and processes like other vertebrae.
